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530 miners, with 310 working underground

Turquoise Ridge is an underground gold mine located in Humboldt County, Nevada, USA. It is part of the Turquoise Ridge Complex, which also includes surface mining operations. The mine is situated on the eastern flank of the Osgood Mountains in the Potosi Mining District.

approximately 2,300 tons of ore per day according to a 2017 report.

Ore from the Turquoise Ridge underground mine is processed off-site on a toll milling basis. The broader Turquoise Ridge Complex includes an autoclave, an oxide mill, and heap leach pads.

MineARC refuge chambers, third shaft, TH545i underground haul truck

development of a third shaft to increase hoisting capacity and production

MRE report for Rogue Project.

Copper-gold project with initial mineral resource (multiple zones).

(resource stage)

Conceptual crushing, grinding, flotation

Conceptual open-pit fleet

High-purity flake graphite project near Grenville with NI 43-101 MRE.

Crushing, grinding, flotation

Conceptual open-pit fleet. conventional truck/loader open pit mining

Operating gold mine complex near Rouyn-Noranda (Abitibi, Quebec).

Ore processed at Doyon mill; throughput ~1.0 Mt/a (with upgrades referenced in report).

12 × 30t haul trucks; 9 × 7yd LHDs; 10 × pump trucks; 3 × bolters; 1 × production drill; 2 × 2-boom jumbos; 2 × 1-boom jumbos; 2 × 40t highway trucks; 1 × 18-passenger vehicle

~1,000

Operating open-pit, heap leach mine producing gold and silver, with commercial production starting April 1, 2022. Significant growth prospects with planned underground expansion.

Q4 2025 gold production: 19,587 ounces. Full year 2025 gold production: 96,764 ounces.

Heap leach processing plant operating at approximately 20,000 tonnes per day, exceeding design capacity of 18,000 tpd.

Medium-diameter blast-hole drilling; blasting (explosive slurries or ANFO); hydraulic shovels; wheel loaders; 100-t haul trucks; primary crusher; conventional crushing + heap leach facility (18,900 tpd).

Expansion of the open-pit mine and initiation of an underground exploration decline to explore sulphide mineralization beneath the current pit. Construction of underground access expected in H2 2026. Potential standalone underground operation with a projected 17-year mine life.

a little over 600 employees

Orla Mining Ltd. completed its acquisition of the Musselwhite Mine from Newmont Corporation in the first quarter of 2025. The fly-in, fly-out underground operation has been in production since 1997. Orla is pursuing an aggressive exploration program to extend the mine's life beyond its current reserves and is also focused on optimizing the operation.

In 2025, from the acquisition date of March 1, Musselwhite produced 203,856 ounces of gold. Total production for the full year 2025, including the period under Newmont's ownership, was 236,908 ounces. The production guidance for 2026 is between 230,000 and 240,000 ounces of gold.

The processing method involves two-stage crushing, grinding, leaching with a cyanide-in-pulp circuit, and the production of doré bars. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the mill processed 361,407 tonnes of ore at a head grade of 6.77 g/t gold with a recovery rate of 95.7%.

Orla Mining is investing in a newer, lower-emission fleet and additional mining and support equipment to improve productivity and reduce ventilation constraints. The company is also expanding its use of tele-remote and autonomous technologies. A 2026 budget includes $30 million for additional mining and mining support equipment.

Orla is pursuing an aggressive exploration program to extend the mine's life beyond its current reserves and is also focused on optimizing the operation.

The 3 Aces Project is located in the southeast Yukon Territory. It is considered a district-scale, orogenic-gold project. The property consists of 1,734 claims covering 357 square kilometres. In September 2022, Seabridge Gold received a Class 4 Quartz Exploration Permit from the Yukon Government, allowing for activities such as camp operations, line cutting, trenching, geological mapping, geophysical surveys, and drilling. Exploration programs, including drilling, took place in 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025, focused on identifying continuity of mineralization with the goal of moving the project towards resource delineation.

helicopter-portable reverse circulation drill; helicopter-portable diamond drill rig; camp operations support; line cutting; trenching; geological mapping; geophysical surveys

Nearly 1,000 employees and contractors.

The Casa Berardi mine is an active underground and open-pit gold operation in the Abitibi region of Quebec, which commenced production in 1988. Orezone Gold Corporation acquired 100% ownership from Hecla Mining Company on March 25, 2026. The mine has produced over 3.2 million ounces of gold. A 2023 technical report outlined a 14-year open-pit reserve mine plan, with mining of the WMCP pit scheduled between 2032 and 2037.

Production overview - 2025: gold 91160 oz; 2024: gold 86648 oz.

Ore is processed at a mill with a capacity of 3,730 tonnes per day, with a potential maximum output of 4,400 tonnes per day. The process involves a primary jaw crusher, a semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill, and a ball mill operating in a closed circuit with cyclones.

Underground mining equipment fleet including MT426 and Caterpillar AD30 haul trucks. Surface equipment fleet added in 2023. Processing plant includes equipment for grinding ore in a cyanide solution.

A 14-year open-pit reserve mine plan was outlined in a 2023 technical report, including a potential production gap between 2028 and 2033, and WMCP pit mining from 2032 to 2037. Orezone plans an updated mine plan in Q4 2026 and has started a multi-year exploration drill program.

As of 2024, the mine employed approximately 512 people.

The Greens Creek mine is located on Admiralty Island, approximately 18 miles southwest of Juneau, within the Admiralty Island National Monument. It is one of the largest and lowest-cost primary silver mines in the world. The operation is accessed by sea and a 13-mile road. Major facilities include the underground mine, an ore concentrating mill, a dry stacked tailings facility, a ship-loading facility, camp facilities, and a ferry dock. The mine operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Production overview - 2025: silver 8.7 Moz, gold 59349 oz, lead 18.2 kt, zinc 51.3 kt; 2024: silver 8.5 Moz, gold 55275 oz.

The ore concentrating mill uses a flotation and gravity process to recover silver, gold, lead, and zinc. The processing involves grinding and flotation to produce concentrates. A gravity circuit is used to recover free gold. Approximately half of the tailings are used as backfill in the underground mine, with the remainder being transported to a dry stacked tailings facility. In 2024, 46% of tailings were reused as backfill.

The underground mobile equipment fleet includes conventional mining equipment. At least one LHD is capable of semi-autonomous operation and another is capable of tele-remote operation, which allows for production activities to continue during shift changes and post-blasting periods.

over 600 full-time jobs

Côté Gold Mine is an active open-pit mine located in the Chester and Yeo Townships, District of Sudbury, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is situated approximately 25 kilometres southwest of Gogama, 125 kilometres southwest of Timmins, and 175 kilometres northwest of Sudbury.

2024 Production: The mine produced 199,000 ounces of gold on a 100% basis in its first nine months of operation. 2025 Production: Full-year 2025 production was 399,800 ounces of gold on a 100% basis, achieving the top end of guidance. 2026 Production Guidance: Production for 2026 is forecast to be between 390,000 and 440,000 ounces of gold on a 100% basis. Life of Mine Production: Over its expected 18-year mine life, the operation is projected to produce an average of 365,000 ounces of gold annually. For the first six years, the average annual production is expected to be 495,000 ounces.

The processing plant has a nameplate capacity of 36,000 tonnes per day, which it has successfully achieved. The process includes primary and secondary crushing, high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR), gravity concentration, and whole-ore leaching, followed by gold recovery using a carbon-in-pulp circuit.

The operation utilizes an autonomous fleet of haul trucks and drills. As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the haulage fleet included 21 commissioned CAT 793 autonomous haul trucks. The loading fleet includes CAT 6060 electric shovels and CAT 994 front-end loaders.

The company is focused on stabilization and optimization of the plant. There is significant growth potential from the adjacent Gosselin zone, which is being incorporated into an updated mine plan.

The Jimblebar mine is a large-scale, open-cut iron ore mine located 41 kilometres east of Newman in the Pilbara region. It is operated by BHP as part of its Western Australia Iron Ore (WAIO) integrated system of mines, rail, and port facilities. The operation includes the Wheelarra Hill, Hashimoto, and South Jimblebar deposits. A significant expansion, the Jimblebar Hub Combined Proposal, which seeks to merge the Jimblebar, Orebody 18, and Orebody 31 operations, has been recommended for environmental approval as of October 2025. This proposal includes developing deposits below the water table and constructing a new beneficiation plant. The proposed expansion has a project life of up to 46 years.

Production overview - 2023: iron ore 66801 kt; 2021: iron ore 67 Mt.

The mine employs conventional open-cut mining methods. Ore is processed through three primary crushers and a central Ore Handling Plant (OHP) that produces both lump and fines products. The processed ore is transported via an overland conveyor and the Mount Newman railway line to port facilities at Port Hedland. A Jimblebar Beneficiation Project, which includes a deslime plant, is planned for construction and commissioning from the third quarter of 2025 to the third quarter of 2027.

Jimblebar is home to BHP's first fully autonomous haul truck fleet. In November 2025, two Caterpillar battery-electric haul trucks arrived at the mine for on-site testing. The iron ore trains used for transport are over 2.5 kilometres long.

A significant expansion, the Jimblebar Hub Combined Proposal, which seeks to merge the Jimblebar, Orebody 18, and Orebody 31 operations, has been recommended for environmental approval as of October 2025. This proposal includes developing deposits below the water table and constructing a new beneficiation plant. The proposed expansion has a project life of up to 46 years. In October 2025, the WA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended the approval of the Jimblebar Hub expansion. The proposal covers a 24,684-hectare development envelope. In October 2024, NRW Civil & Mining was awarded a contract valued at around $109 million for development works to support sustainable production, with work expected to commence in November 2024 and finish in the second quarter of 2026.

The mine will employ about 230 workers. As of the 2024 annual report, the company had over 100 new employees, with women making up 34.8% of the workforce. The 2023 Sustainability Report noted a workforce with 40% women and 6.1% Indigenous employee participation.

Among the world’s higher‑grade gold operations in a Tier‑1 jurisdiction. Targeting net‑zero Scope 1 & 2 emissions through hybrid renewable energy systems (wind, solar, battery) — possibly the first gold mine in the world to achieve this operational milestone.

The first gold bar was produced in October 2023. Production in February 2024 was 13,364 ounces. The company achieved production of 80,000 ounces in the second half of fiscal year 2024. Production guidance for fiscal year 2026 is between 130,000 and 150,000 ounces. The company is targeting 175,000-195,000 ounces per annum in fiscal year 2027.

The processing facility is a 1.0 million tonnes per annum conventional carbon-in-leach and gravity plant.

drills, loaders, underground trucks, and support equipment

The company is targeting net-zero emissions by 2026 and aims to have the lowest greenhouse gas intensity of any major Australian gold project, with wind and solar providing up to 80 percent of its power. A feasibility study update is underway to assess a paste plant, with an investment decision expected in fiscal year 2026.

The mine has more than 600 ongoing operational roles. The operational workforce includes 40 per cent female and 15 per cent Indigenous staff. The project created around 9,000 direct and indirect jobs during its construction phase.

South Flank is a major iron ore mine located on the traditional lands of the Banjima people, 156 kilometres north-west of Newman. It is Australia's largest new iron ore mine in more than 50 years. The mine was developed to replace the 80 Mtpa Yandi mine, which was nearing the end of its economic life. The project had a capital expenditure of US$3.6 billion. Together with Mining Area C, it forms one of the largest operating iron ore hubs in the world, known as the Western Australia Iron Ore (WAIO) hub, with a combined production capacity of 145 million tonnes per year. The development of South Flank was designed to increase WAIO's average iron ore grade from 61 per cent to 62 per cent.

Production overview - 2025: iron ore 80000000 t; 2024: iron ore 80 Mt.

The project includes an 80 million tonnes per annum crushing and screening plant, an overland conveyor system, and stockyard and train loading facilities. The ore is transported on trains that are over 2.5km long to Port Hedland.

The mine integrates advances in autonomous-ready fleets, digital connectivity and modular design.

Developed to replace the Yandi mine and increase the average iron ore grade of the Western Australia Iron Ore (WAIO) hub.

The scaling down of operations is expected to affect approximately 850 workers, which includes 650 direct employees and 200 contractors. The Western Mineworkers' Alliance is in discussions with BHP to ensure affected members are given the choice of redeployment or a redundancy package.

The Yandi iron ore mine is located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, approximately 90 kilometres north-west of Newman. It is a large-scale, open-pit operation that has been a significant contributor to BHP's iron ore production. The mine is currently scaling down its operations as it approaches the end of its life due to the depletion of its ore body. The winding down of operations commenced in July 2021. While initial closure proposals emerged in 2017, strong demand for Yandi's low-impurity ore led to multiple life-of-mine extensions.

Production overview - 2023: iron ore 25.5 Mt; 2022: iron ore 45.8 Mt.

Ore from the Yandi open-cut mine is processed on-site. The processing involves crushing, and where necessary, beneficiation, before being blended to create high-grade hematite lump and fines products. The processed iron ore is then transported by rail to Port Hedland for export. Following the exhaustion of the Yandi ore body, parts of the processing facilities may be used to process ore from nearby Brockman deposits.

As part of BHP's decarbonisation commitments, the company has deployed its first electric excavator, a Liebherr R 9400 E, at the Yandi mine.

There are no plans for expansion as the mine is preparing for closure. Operations are planned to be scaled back over the course of 2026 before ceasing altogether. In June 2025, a proposal was submitted to the EPA to extend existing operations to mine the entire remaining Yandi orebody within the current mining lease, including new above and below water table mining, as a final phase before closure. A closure plan for the Marillana Creek (Yandi) mine has been submitted and involves the selective infilling of all pits. An award-winning rehabilitation project is underway, pioneering a Seed Production Area to cultivate native spinifex seeds for revegetation. This initiative is linked to a partnership with the Banjima Traditional Owners to create employment and training pathways in rehabilitation. In January 2026, BHP announced an agreement with Rio Tinto to explore opportunities to mine up to 200 Mt of iron ore at Yandi and the neighbouring Yandicoogina operations.

High-grade Cu-Zn VMS deposit in Arizona; drilling and economic studies underway.

The project will use a conventional process flow sheet with jaw crushing, SAG and ball mill grinding, and flotation to produce separate copper, zinc, and lead concentrates. Approximately 50% of the tailings will be used as underground fill. The mine will also feature a double-lined dewatered (dry-stack) tailings storage facility.

The Antler Copper Project is advancing through its permitting phase. The Mine Plan of Operations (MPO) submitted to the US Bureau of Land Management is the only federal permit required and is being evaluated under an Environmental Assessment, with a decision expected in early 2026. Arizona State mine permits are anticipated to be issued progressively throughout 2025. The project is on track to be fully permitted by the first quarter of 2026. A Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS) was expected to be completed as early as Q4 2025. Construction activities are targeted to begin in the second half of 2025, with concentrate shipping forecast to start by 2027. An updated Mineral Resource Estimate was released in May 2025, reporting a total resource of 14.2 million tonnes at 3.8% copper equivalent.

400 operational (planned for recovery and extension project)

The Capricorn Copper mine, 125 km north of Mount Isa, Australia, suspended operations on March 26, 2024, due to heavy rainfall and water accumulation. Owner 29Metals is preparing for a future restart, focusing on water management and a Recovery and Extension Project (Prescribed Project Status). It's a high-grade copper, silver, and cobalt operation with underground access to multiple ore bodies. The processing plant is a conventional copper sulphide flotation concentrator, refurbished for up to 1.7 Mtpa ore. A new long-term tailings storage facility is planned.

up to 1.7 million tonnes per annum of ore

conventional copper sulphide flotation concentrator

Sandvik drills, Sandvik underground haul trucks, Boggers (loaders) for mucking, Surface loaders for stockpile handling

Capricorn Copper Recovery and Extension Project

Olympic Dam is one of the world's most significant deposits of copper, gold, and uranium. It is owned and operated by BHP and is part of the company's Copper South Australia province. The operation consists of an underground mine and a fully integrated metallurgical complex, including an onsite smelter and refinery. Macmahon Holdings is a contractor that has provided underground mine development services at the site.

Production overview - 2023: copper 212000 t, gold 186000 oz.

The mine utilises an underground mining method called sublevel open stoping. Ore is hauled to the surface for processing via an automated train system and trucks. The fully integrated metallurgical complex features a grinding and concentrating circuit, a hydrometallurgical plant with solvent extraction for copper and uranium, a copper smelter, a copper refinery, and a recovery circuit for precious metals.

In the 2023 financial year, Olympic Dam achieved record annual production for copper, gold, and silver. Following BHP's acquisition of OZ Minerals, Olympic Dam is now part of the newly created Copper South Australia province, which also includes the Prominent Hill and Carrapateena operations. BHP is conducting significant exploration drilling beneath the known Olympic Dam ore body, referred to as OD Deeps, which has identified extensive copper mineralisation.

PLS flagship with two plants; world's largest independent hard‑rock lithium operation.

Crushing and DMS/flotation to spodumene; Pilgan + Ngungaju plants (combined up to ~580ktpa nameplate)

approximately 1,200 people, comprising around 680 employees and 590 contractors

The Mungari mill expansion was completed in FY25, increasing processing capacity from 2.0 Mtpa to 4.2 Mtpa. The process method is crushing, grinding, gravity and carbon in leach (CIL) recovery.

Production overview - 2025: gold 134984 oz.

Crushing, grinding, gravity and carbon in leach (CIL) recovery. The new plant consists of a primary crusher, SAG and ball mill, and a gravity and carbon in pulp leach circuit.

Open pit mining at the Castle Hill deposit is carried out by contractor NRW Holdings Limited. MLG has a contract for all surface ore haulage. Perenti's subsidiary Ausdrill has provided drilling services. Underground mining is conducted by Evolution. Processing plant consists of a primary crusher, SAG and ball mill, and a gravity and carbon in pulp leach circuit.

The plant expansion project was completed in FY25, nine months ahead of schedule and under budget. The final estimated cost was $228 million, 9% under the original $250 million budget.

894 (202 employees and 692 contractors)

The Gruyere mine is a 50:50 joint venture between Gold Fields Ltd and Gold Road Resources Ltd. Gold Fields is the manager and operator of the mine. In March 2025, Gold Fields made a proposal to acquire Gold Road Resources' 50% share, which was rejected by the Gold Road board.

Production overview - 2024: gold 287270 oz; 2023: gold 321984 oz.

The processing facility is a conventional carbon-in-leach (CIL) plant with a capacity of approximately 9.6 million tonnes per annum. The circuit includes single-stage primary crushing, semi-autogenous grinding and ball milling with a pebble crushing (SABC) circuit, and gravity recovery. A third pebble crushing circuit was installed in late 2023 to support improved plant throughput.

The mining contractor, MACA, is utilising its existing fleet for load and haul operations, which includes excavators and 225-tonne haul trucks. In 2023, MACA began replacing its surface drill rig fleet with new Sandvik equipment, including six Sandvik DR410i rotary blasthole drills, two Leopard DI650i down-the-hole drill rigs, and a Pantera DP1500i top hammer drill rig, with deliveries completed by April 2024.

A third pebble crusher was installed in late 2023. Upgrades to conveyors in the pebble crushing circuit and other grinding circuit improvements were planned for 2025. The Gruyere JV is assessing the potential for a significant underground operation beneath the current open pit. A preliminary review was completed in late 2024, and a 60,000-metre deep drilling program began in early 2025 to support further studies. The Golden Highway satellite deposits are also being assessed, with a feasibility study expected to be completed in the first half of 2025 and the project anticipated to be ready to mine from 2027.

more than 1,100 employees and contractors

The Edikan Gold Mine is a large-scale, low-grade, multi-open-pit operation located in the Central Region of Ghana on the Asankrangwa Gold Belt.

Processing plant capacity of up to 8 million tonnes of ore per annum. Produced 191,971 ounces of gold in FY2019, 171,638 ounces in FY2020, and 38,865 ounces in Q4 FY2025. Remaining ore reserves as of June 30, 2025, totalled 980,000 ounces of gold.

single-stage crushing, SAG milling, gravity recovery, sulphide flotation, sulphide regrind, carbon-in-leach (CIL) recovery process

trucks, central processing facility

Nearly 300 employees and contractors

Located approximately 50 kilometres southwest of Dubbo in the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia. The operation transitioned to being fully underground in 2023 and is currently active, with operating plans extending beyond 2030. Initial development was based on four gold deposits: Wyoming One, Wyoming Three, Caloma, and Caloma Two. Mining currently occurs underground on the Wyoming One, Caloma One, Caloma Two, and Roswell deposits.

Production for the 2025 financial year was 70,120 ounces of gold. Production guidance for FY2025 was between 70,000 and 80,000 ounces. The five-year plan aims to increase production to above 100,000 ounces of gold per year from about 2027.

The processing plant has a design capacity of 1 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa). The processing method involves a two-stage crushing and grinding circuit, with gold recovery through gravity and carbon-in-leach (CIL) processes. A flotation and fine grind circuit was commissioned in December 2024, and a paste plant was commissioned in January 2025.

One Sandvik DL432i production drill, four Epiroc MT65 trucks (65-tonne load capacity), three Cat 2900 loaders, a Cat 140M Grader, a new Development Jumbo drill, four Volvo ITs (integrated tool carriers), two Sandvik DD422i dual control jumbos, and a Sandvik DL422i longhole drill.

The Tomingley Gold Extension Project (TGEP) is extending operations to the south to include the Roswell and San Antonio deposits. Plans to expand the processing rate to 1.75Mtpa.

around 600 full-time positions during operations

Motheo Copper Mine is operated by Sandfire Resources through its subsidiary, Tshukudu Metals Botswana (Pty) Ltd. It is located in the Kalahari Copper Belt in western Botswana, approximately 80km northeast of the town of Ghanzi. It is an open-pit mine producing copper and silver concentrate.

Initial processing capacity was 3.2 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa). Planned expansion to 5.2 Mtpa. Expected to reach a peak production of around 55,000 tonnes per annum of copper-in-concentrate.

primary crusher, SAG mill, and a ball mill. The processing method involves primary crushing, grinding and classification, flotation, thickening, and filtration to produce a high-quality copper concentrate with a silver by-product.

Hitachi EX1900 and EX2600s excavators, a truck fleet of 150-tonne capacity Cat 785s and 100-tonne capacity Cat 777s, and Cat 10D dozers