Directory

Complexe Arvida is a Rio Tinto-owned aluminium industrial complex in Saguenay’s Jonquière/Arvida district, within Québec’s Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean aluminium region. The site forms part of a regional system that includes smelters, alumina refining, hydropower, research and development, rail and port infrastructure. Its strategic role has strengthened through Rio Tinto’s US$1.5 billion AP60 expansion, now in commissioning, which will add 160,000 tonnes per year of low-carbon primary aluminium capacity and lift total AP60 capacity to about 220,000 tonnes annually by the end of 2026. The project replaces older potroom capacity and supports lower-emissions aluminium supply.

Approximately 220,000 tpa primary aluminium from AP60 technology once fully ramped up.

Arvida recycling centre: not operating as originally planned. Rio Tinto’s annual-report project update now places the 30,000 tpa recycling capacity opening in Q4 2026, after earlier schedules had targeted 2025.

Telfer is Greatland’s 100%-owned operating gold-copper mine in the Paterson Province of Western Australia’s East Pilbara region. The mine combines open pit and underground production from the West Dome Open Pit and Main Dome Underground, supported by a large processing complex with two 10 Mtpa trains and nominal capacity of 20 Mtpa. Telfer first produced gold in 1977 and has generated more than 15 million ounces historically. Greatland acquired the operation from Newmont in December 2024 and is positioning Telfer as a long-term regional hub capable of processing both Telfer ore and future high-grade Havieron feed.

Two 10 Mtpa processing trains, giving nominal processing capacity of 20 Mtpa.

Telfer Mineral Resource, Dec 2025: 419 Mt at 0.59 g/t Au and 0.09% Cu for 8.0 Moz Au and 370 kt Cu Measured and Indicated Resource, Dec 2025: 170 Mt at 0.69 g/t Au and 0.13% Cu for 3.8 Moz Au and 249 kt Cu West Dome Open Pit Resource: 338 Mt at 0.45 g/t Au and 0.04% Cu for 4.9 Moz Au and 149 kt Cu Main Dome Underground Resource: 12.3 Mt at 2.14 g/t Au and 0.41% Cu for 0.8 Moz Au and 50 kt Cu Main Dome UG Vertical Stockwork Corridor Resource: 37.5 Mt at 1.09 g/t Au and 0.33% Cu for 1.3 Moz Au and 125 kt Cu West Dome Underground Resource: 8.0 Mt at 2.30 g/t Au and 0.44% Cu for 0.6 Moz Au and 35 kt Cu Telfer Ore Reserve: Greatland’s April 2025 inaugural Telfer Ore Reserve delivered 712 koz Au and 23 kt Cu; updated Telfer Ore Reserve expected in the June 2026 quarter.

Havieron is a 100% Greatland-owned gold-copper development in Western Australia’s Paterson Province, approximately 45 kilometres east of the Telfer mine. The project is planned as a high-grade underground operation feeding ore to Telfer’s established processing infrastructure, creating a brownfield development pathway rather than a stand-alone greenfield plant build. Greatland’s current concept includes an initial 2.8 Mtpa mining rate, with feasibility work assessing expansion toward 4.0–4.5 Mtpa through underground crushing and materials handling. Havieron hosts a large gold-copper resource and is intended to become the next high-grade feed source for the Telfer hub.

Greatland’s earlier Telfer 2-Year Outlook indicated integrated Telfer and Havieron first production expected in FY28.

Ore to be hauled to Telfer and processed through existing Telfer infrastructure. Greatland has assessed expansion from an initial post-ramp-up 2.8 Mtpa mining rate to 4.0–4.5 Mtpa through an underground crusher and material-handling system.

High-grade gold-copper deposit; intrusion-related / breccia-hosted system within the Paterson Province Mineral Resource: 131 Mt at 1.65–1.67 g/t Au and 0.21% Cu for approximately 7.0 Moz Au and 275 kt Cu. Greatland’s website cites 131 Mt at 1.67 g/t Au and 0.21% Cu, while the March 2026 quarterly table lists 131 Mt at 1.65 g/t Au and 0.21% Cu. Treat the difference as rounding/reporting presentation. Ore Reserve: Updated feasibility reporting in December 2025 placed Havieron Ore Reserve at 38.5 Mt at 2.63 g/t Au and 0.33% Cu for 3.3 Moz Au and 129 kt Cu. Strike / vertical extent: Greatland describes the December 2023 MRE as contained within a compact 650 m strike length and defined over 1,400 vertical metres.

700

Rosebery Mine is a 100% MMG-owned underground polymetallic base metals operation on Tasmania’s west coast. Operating since 1936, it is one of Australia’s longest-running mines and produces zinc, lead and precious metals concentrates as well as gold doré. The mechanised underground operation reaches depths of more than 1.5 kilometres and supports more than 700 permanent employees and contractors. Ore is processed on site, with concentrates moved by rail to the Port of Burnie for shipment to Nyrstar smelters. MMG is advancing long-term tailings options and low-emission underground equipment to support Rosebery’s continued operating future. The underground mine reaches depths of more than 1.5 km from surface.

On-site crushing, grinding and flotation; rail to Burnie. Ore is hauled to surface for on-site processing. Parts of the plant are automated and can be controlled remotely. Concentrate is transported by rail to the Port of Burnie and shipped to Nyrstar smelters in Hobart and Port Pirie.

Roper Creek is a Bowen Basin coal project/JV interest in the Middlemount district of central Queensland. Roper Creek is a mineral development licence associated with earlier Roper Creek exploration permits, while Middlemount Coal documentation places MDL 3028 and Roper Creek within the broader Middlemount mining locality. The asset is a project rather than as a producing stand-alone mine. Anglo American’s current Australian steelmaking coal sale package includes an 86.36% interest in the Roper Creek joint venture, with Dhilmar announced as buyer subject to approvals and completion.

Theodore South is a Queensland Bowen Basin coal project/JV interest associated with the Dawson-Moura coalfield south of Theodore. Older Queensland coal references describe Dawson, formerly Theodore South, as a coal deposit about 25 kilometres south of Theodore and 170 kilometres southwest of Gladstone, with Baralaba Coal Measures geology and both open-cut and underground development potential. The asset is not a stand-alone producing mine record in current public material. It is best entered as a non-producing joint venture / coal project interest within Anglo American’s Australian steelmaking coal portfolio, with Dhilmar announced as buyer subject to transaction completion. Mitsui-related interests are historically associated with the Theodore/Dawson South tenements, but confirm current JV party before final database lock. Queensland Government data for EPC 793 lists Anglo Coal (Dawson South) Pty Ltd at 51% and Mitsui Moura Investment Pty Limited at 49%

Non-producing project / JV interest as a stand-alone record. Anglo’s current sale package lists Theodore South as a joint venture interest rather than a producing mine.

1379

Oko West is a construction-stage gold project in Guyana’s Region 7, owned 100% by G Mining Ventures through its Guyanese subsidiary. The project sits south of the historical Oko gold district in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni region and is being advanced as a combined open pit and underground operation. GMIN’s 2025 feasibility study outlined a 12.3-year operation producing an average of 350,000 oz of gold per year at mine-site AISC of US$1,123/oz. Construction is advancing on schedule, with first gold targeted for H2 2027 and commercial production expected in January 2028. The mining licence was granted in December 2025.

Truck-and-shovel / loader for open pit; underground longhole open stoping, transverse open stoping and longitudinal open stoping listed in external mine project summaries. Use company technical report as preferred source where available.

Major process plant works: CIP excavation completed; primary crusher mass excavation completed; ball mill foundations poured; SAG mill pier rebar and formwork underway Grinding mills: Major components scheduled for delivery in mid-2026; grinding mills expected to be operational by August 2027 Tailings storage facility: Clearing activities 36% complete as of March 31, 2026 Power plant: Generator deliveries expected through Q2 2026; power plant expected to be operational in July 2027 Barge / logistics: Barge landing caisson and ramp completed by end-March 2026; Georgetown port facility investment finalised.

Oko West construction is advancing across the process plant, power infrastructure, tailings storage facility, mine pre-production areas, site infrastructure, access and logistics. The project has a dedicated logistics pathway through the Eccles Port Facility on the Demerara River, with barging to the project’s Cuyuni River barge facility. GMIN has also completed a steel bridge on the access road to support delivery of heavy components including main power plant generators.

Empire State Mines is Titan Mining Corporation’s 100%-owned underground zinc complex in St. Lawrence County, New York. The operation centres on the producing ESM #4 mine, with ESM #1 and #2 identified as historic mines capable of supplying Titan’s 5,000 t/d onsite flotation mill. The complex is fully developed with shaft access, underground crushing, mine ventilation, concentrate storage, rail infrastructure and a permitted tailings facility. ESM produced 64.26 million lb of payable zinc in 2025 and remains Titan’s cash-generating base while the company develops natural flake graphite and evaluates germanium recovery from existing process streams.

Longhole stoping, inclined room-and-pillar panel mining and mechanised cut-and-fill.

Developed underground mine with shaft access, mobile equipment, maintenance shop, offices, mine dry, primary crusher, mine ventilation fans, 12,000 t covered concentrate storage building, rail siding, warehouse, storage buildings, 5,000 t/d concentrator and permitted 260-acre conventional tailings impoundment.

Titan’s 2025 LOM plan is based on a preliminary economic assessment and shows a six-year plan, 4.030 million short tons resource mined, average head grade of 7.0% Zn, 565 million lb recovered zinc and 480 million lb payable zinc. The PEA is preliminary and includes inferred resources.

The Rain/Emigrant mine is located in Elko County, Nevada, United States, on the southern end of the Carlin Trend. It is part of the Carlin Complex, which is owned and operated by Nevada Gold Mines LLC, a joint venture between Barrick Gold Corporation (61.5%) and Newmont Corporation (38.5%). The project consists of the Rain mine, which included open-pit and underground workings, and the nearby Emigrant open-pit mine, considered a satellite deposit.

Production overview - 1999: gold 30024 oz; 1990: gold 3766 kg.

milling and heap leaching

truck and shovel/loader mining methods

The Gold Quarry mine is a major gold-producing asset operated by Barrick Gold Corporation through the Nevada Gold Mines joint venture. It is a large open-pit operation in Eureka County, Nevada, in production since 1985.

Production overview - 1991: gold 1034548 oz.

Goldstrike Roaster, Gold Quarry Roaster (formerly Mill 6), Goldstrike Autoclave for refractory ore, heap leaching

haul trucks, loaders, crushers, conveyor systems, hydraulic systems, pumps, motors

A significant expansion and upgrade project for the Gold Quarry Roaster was completed in the third quarter of 2024, which is expected to increase processing throughput.

During the construction phase, the project was expected to create 5,500 direct jobs, with a workforce of approximately 1,600 people during the production phase.

Pascua-Lama is a bi-national mining project owned by Barrick Mining Corporation, with Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. also linked to the operation. It straddles the border of Chile's Atacama Region and Argentina's San Juan Province in the Andes mountains, at an altitude ranging from 3,800 to 5,200 metres. Construction of the large-scale open-pit operation began in October 2009 but was suspended in the fourth quarter of 2013 due to environmental issues, legal challenges, and cost overruns. The Chilean portion was definitively closed in September 2020, with a US$136 million closure plan submitted in January 2024. The Argentinian side, Lama, is under re-evaluation for a potential underground block-cave operation.

Initial production estimates for the first five years were between 800,000 and 850,000 ounces of gold and 35 million ounces of silver annually.

The processing plan involved crushing the ore in Chile and then transporting it via a 2.7-kilometre tunnel to a processing facility in Argentina. The plant was designed for a throughput of 45,000 tonnes per day and would use wet grinding, conventional flotation for copper concentrates, and cyanide leaching to produce gold and silver doré.

The planned equipment fleet included electric rope shovels, diesel hydraulic shovels, front-end loaders, and a fleet of 30 haul trucks with a 290-tonne capacity each, along with bulldozers, graders, and water trucks.

On the Argentinian side, known as Lama, Barrick is exploring the feasibility of a potential underground block-cave mining operation. This re-evaluation includes assessing the Penelope deposit's suitability for heap leaching at the nearby Veladero mine.

As of 2023, the mine employed an average of 3,102 workers, including contractors.

Zaldívar is an operating open-pit copper mine located in the Andean Precordillera of the Antofagasta Region, Chile, approximately 1,400 kilometres north of Santiago. It is a 50/50 joint venture between Antofagasta Plc and Barrick Gold Corporation, with Antofagasta acting as the operator.

Copper production was 40,500 tonnes in 2023 and 136,984 tonnes in 2009. For 2025, Antofagasta's attributable copper production was 36,700 tonnes, while Barrick Gold reported its 50% share as 37,000 tonnes.

The processing method involves a three-stage crushing process, followed by heap leaching with bacteriological agents to dissolve the copper. A solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW) process is then used to produce high-purity copper cathodes. A small amount of copper concentrate is also produced via a flotation plant.

The mine's equipment includes a conventional truck and shovel fleet, a primary gyratory crusher, secondary cone crushers, water-flush tertiary crushers, and Alfa Laval plate heat exchangers for heat recovery in the electrowinning plant.

In May 2025, the Chilean Environmental Authority approved an Environmental Impact Assessment to extend the mine's life until 2051. This extension includes the development of the primary sulphide ore deposit, in addition to the currently mined secondary sulphides. The approved plan also facilitates a transition of the mine's water source.

The workforce consists of approximately 2,350 to 3,000 direct employees and several thousand contractors. The labour force is predominantly local, with 97 to 98 per cent of employees being Dominican nationals.

The Pueblo Viejo mine is a large, operating open-pit mine located in the Sánchez Ramírez Province of the Dominican Republic, approximately 100 kilometres northwest of the capital, Santo Domingo. The operation is a joint venture, operated by Pueblo Viejo Dominicana Corporation (PVDC), which is owned by Barrick Gold Corporation (60%) and Newmont Corporation (40%). Newmont acquired its interest through its 2019 acquisition of Goldcorp. The mine consists of two main pits, Moore and Monte Negro, and uses a conventional truck and shovel mining method.

First gold was produced in 2012, with commercial production beginning in 2013. In 2018, the mine produced 581,000 ounces of gold. Barrick reported its 60 per cent share of gold production for 2025 was 379,000 ounces.

Ore processing is complex due to its double refractory nature. The process involves crushing in a gyratory crusher, grinding in SAG and ball mills equipped with gearless mill drives, and then pressure oxidation of the whole ore in four large autoclaves at high temperature and pressure. This is followed by a carbon-in-leach (CIL) circuit that uses cyanide to recover the gold and silver, which is ultimately produced as a gold-silver doré bar.

The equipment fleet includes CAT 994 loaders, Hitachi 3600 hydraulic shovels, and CAT 789 rear-dump trucks.

A major plant expansion and mine life extension project is underway to sustain operations beyond 2040. This project aims to maintain an average annual production of more than 800,000 ounces of gold by increasing plant throughput to a planned capacity of about 14 million tonnes per annum. The expansion has an estimated capital cost of between US$2.1 billion and US$2.6 billion. A key component of the project is the construction of a new tailings storage facility, known as the Naranjo TSF, which has necessitated a community resettlement program managed through a Resettlement Action Plan.

Includes Phoenix (encompassing the former Fortitude and Northeast Extension pits), Greater Midas, Reona, Iron Canyon open pit mines.

Includes Pipeline, Crossroads, Cortez Hills open pit mines and Cortez Hills underground mine.

3173 (as of 2025)

Production overview - 2025: gold 673000 oz; 2024: gold 686000 oz.

The metallurgical plant consists of a twin-circuit sulphide and oxide plant with a throughput capacity of up to 7.2 million tonnes per annum. The process includes conventional carbon-in-leach (CIL), gravity recovery, flotation, and an ultra-fine grind circuit.

The open-pit mining contractor utilises a fleet of 48 Cat haul trucks, blasthole drill rigs, wheel loaders, dozers, graders, wheel dozers, and water delivery systems. The underground fleet includes MacLean EC3 Emulsion Chargers, a WS3 Water Sprayer, a FL3 Fuel Lube Truck, BT3 Boom Trucks, an SL3 Scissor Lift, and a TM2 Mobile Concrete Mixer.

Drilling results from the ARK-KCD corridor continue to show potential to host significant additional orebodies and further extend the mine life. A February 2026 technical report outlines a life-of-mine plan to 2043. A 16MW solar plant with battery storage has been commissioned, increasing the mine's use of renewable energy to 85%.

The Rackla property is a large land package of over 700 square miles.

A 2020 preliminary economic assessment for the Tiger deposit proposed a processing plant using conventional crushing, grinding, cyanidation by carbon-in-pulp (CIP), and gold recovery from loaded carbon to produce gold doré.

Hecla Mining Company acquired the Rackla property in 2023. It is considered an advanced-stage project. The company plans a desktop review of the project in 2025, to be followed by a comprehensive exploration program in 2026.

The Connaught property is located approximately 65 km west of Dawson City. Hecla Mining Company acquired the Connaught project through its acquisition of ATAC Resources, a deal that was finalised in 2023. The project is considered to have potential for a high-grade silver-lead-zinc-copper-gold vein system, as well as copper-molybdenum porphyry targets.

Hecla Mining Company acquired the Connaught project through its acquisition of ATAC Resources, a deal that was finalised in 2023.

The Kinskuch property includes the past-producing Esperanza Mine (1911-1948), which produced 4,662 tonnes of ore with average grades of 983.9 g/t silver and 1.77 g/t gold. The property is considered prospective for silver, gold, and copper mineralisation and includes the underexplored Illiance trend.

Dolly Varden Silver Corp. acquired the Kinskuch property from Hecla Mining Company in May 2025, consolidating it into Dolly Varden's 77,000-hectare Kitsault Valley Project. Dolly Varden has commenced a fully-funded 35,000-metre diamond drilling program for its 2025 exploration season, with initial geological mapping and reconnaissance planned for Kinskuch to generate drill targets under a five-year Exploration Permit.

The Rock Creek project is an exploration-stage silver and copper project in Sanders County, Montana, acquired by Hecla Mining Company in June 2015. The project is currently in pre-development, with permitting activities on hold since February 2022 due to legal challenges. Hecla retains mineral rights. As of December 2025, inferred mineral resources include 148,291,000 ounces of silver and 656,060 tons of copper.

Production overview - 2025: silver 4613.06 t, copper 656060 t.