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In 2013, Maudore Minerals was conducting trial mining and trucking ore to its processing facility at the former Sleeping Giant Mine, 75 km south of Vezza.

The underground operation utilised semi-mechanised narrow-vein longhole mining methods. This included the use of jacklegs, stopers, slushers, and muckers.

The Tonkin Springs project is part of McEwen Mining's larger Gold Bar Mine Complex, located in Eureka County, Nevada. McEwen Mining is actively exploring the Gold Bar Mine Complex with the aim of extending the mine life and potentially increasing annual gold production. The Tonkin project, which was acquired in 2005, is now integrated into this complex.

heap leach

exploration activities are planned for the northern section of the Gold Bar Mine Complex, referred to as North Tonkin.

about 130 employees during the initial two-year construction period and approximately 250 full-time employees for the operations period.

The Spring Valley project is owned by Solidus Resources, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Waterton Gold. Osisko Gold Royalties Ltd. holds various net smelter return (NSR) royalties on the project, with combined pro-forma NSRs of 6.0%, 4.0% and 1.0% across different parts of the project upon closing an acquisition in February 2026. A positive Feasibility Study was completed in 2025, and the project is fully permitted.

The first five years are expected to average approximately 348,000 ounces of gold per year. The life-of-mine average annual production is estimated at over 300,000 ounces of gold.

The project will use conventional heap leaching. Ore will be treated through two streams: higher-grade crushed ore and lower-grade run-of-mine (ROM) ore. The process includes an Adsorption Desorption Recovery (ADR) circuit and an on-site refinery to produce doré.

The mine plan involves using 320-ton autonomous haul trucks and hydraulic face shovel excavators. Blasthole drills will also utilise autonomous drill system technology.

Early site works are underway in preparation for full construction to commence in 2026. First gold production is anticipated in the first half of 2028.

The project is at an advanced exploration stage, with a completed Updated Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) effective February 28, 2025. The PEA outlines a potential 11.1-year mine life for an underground mining operation.

The proposed underground mine is projected to have a production rate of 1,000 tonnes per day. The life-of-mine plan anticipates the production of 4,159,000 tonnes of mineralised rock with average grades of 5.26 g/t gold and 32 g/t silver. The average annual production is estimated to be 56,000 ounces of gold and 312,000 ounces of silver. The PEA projects total payable metals of 637,000 ounces of gold and 3,562,000 ounces of silver over the mine's life.

gold/silver doré. Metallurgical testing indicates expected recoveries of 91.5% for gold and 92.9% for silver.

longitudinal and traverse longhole stoping, cut and fill stoping

A significant 50,000-metre drilling program, funded with C$20 million, was planned for 2026 to focus on resource and exploration drilling.

As of March 2026, there are 283 employees and contractors on the construction project. In December 2025, it was reported that 143 employees and contractors were on site. The permanent mine camp will have a capacity for 136 employees and contractors.

Commercial production is expected to begin in the fourth quarter of 2026. The first phase of the gold-in-oxide starter operation is projected to produce an average of 19,700 ounces of gold annually in the first two years. Life-of-mine production is estimated to total approximately 72,500 ounces. An updated pre-feasibility study from July 2025 indicates a life of mine gold production of 113,155 ounces.

The initial phase of the project will be a heap leach operation for the near-surface oxide gold mineralization.

The company received a key preliminary license (Licença Prévia) for a full mining license in March 2026, which allows for the potential expansion of the operation. The project is being developed under trial mining licenses that permit production of 1,500 tonnes per day, with plans to potentially expand to 3,000 tonnes per day.

A Preliminary Economic Assessment from June 2023 projects an average annual production of 95,000 tonnes of copper and 49,000 ounces of gold over the first 14 years of operation.

The proposed processing method involves a copper sulphide process plant with a nominal throughput of 20 million tonnes per annum and a 3.3 million tonnes per annum oxide heap leach circuit with a SX/EW plant.

A Preliminary Economic Assessment was completed in June 2023. A Pre-Feasibility Study was scheduled for completion in 2024. Hot Chili filed a NI 43-101 Technical Report for the Preliminary Feasibility Study with an effective date of 27 March 2025. Glencore has an offtake agreement for 60% of the mine's production for the first 8 years.

The project is expected to employ approximately 1,400 people during construction and 600-700 workers during operations.

The Casino Project is an open pit mine under development in Yukon, Canada, targeting copper, gold, molybdenum, and silver. It is 100% owned by Western Copper and Gold Corporation, with Osisko Gold Royalties holding a royalty interest.

Average annual production is estimated at 164 million pounds of copper, 259 thousand ounces of gold, 1.392 million ounces of silver, and 15 million pounds of molybdenum.

The proposed processing method involves a concentrator with a nominal throughput of 120,000 tonnes per day to recover copper, gold, molybdenum, and silver, as well as a 25,000 tonnes per day oxide heap leach facility for gold, silver, and copper.

Western Copper and Gold submitted its Environmental and Socio-economic Effects (ESE) Statement to the Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Board (YESAB) in October 2025. The project is currently undergoing a YESAB Panel Review, the highest level of environmental and socio-economic assessment in the Yukon.

Over 250 personnel are onsite for the current pre-construction and exploration phase. The project is expected to create approximately 634 jobs during construction and 525 permanent jobs during operations.

The mine is expected to produce an average of approximately 190,000 ounces of gold annually, and a total of approximately 1.89 million ounces of gold over its life.

The processing capacity is planned to be 4,900 tonnes per day. The process will involve underground crushing, conveying to the surface for sorting, followed by grinding, a gravity circuit, flotation, and tailings dewatering. All mill tailings will be used as paste backfill underground. Gravity concentrate will be refined onsite into doré bars.

The mining fleet will include six two-boom Jumbos, two Sandvik Roadheaders, seventeen 51-tonne diesel trucks, and 10-tonne Load Haul Dump (LHD) vehicles.

The project is fully permitted, having received its Environmental Assessment Certificate in October 2023, its Mines Act permit in November 2024, and Environmental Management Act permits in December 2024. It is the first project to be fully assessed under British Columbia's 2018 Environmental Assessment Act. As of March 2026, planned site activities, including pre-construction, early works, and exploration drilling, have resumed following a temporary suspension. Approximately 2.1 kilometres of underground development has been completed. Construction is anticipated to begin in the second half of 2025, with completion expected by the end of 2027. The first gold production is anticipated in the second half of 2027.

The Back Forty Project is a development-stage asset in Menominee County, Michigan, now wholly owned and operated by Gold Resource Corporation (GRC). Osisko Gold Royalties holds an 18.5% gold stream and an 85% silver stream on the project. Development, previously stalled, resumed in December 2025 with GRC initiating a feasibility study and permitting process, supported by an SK-1300 compliant Technical Report Summary (effective 30 September 2023) outlining a revised plan to minimize environmental impact.

Over the life of the mine, total cumulative production is estimated to be 504,000 ounces of gold, 6,150,000 ounces of silver, 61.6 million pounds of copper, and 778 million pounds of zinc.

The processing plant is designed with a nominal capacity of 2,500 metric tonnes per day. The planned processing methods will produce gold and silver doré, as well as copper and zinc concentrates.

In January 2026, Gold Resource Corporation (GRC), the project's operator, announced a business combination with Goldgroup Mining, expected to close in Q2 2026, resulting in GRC becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Goldgroup. This merger is expected to create a more diversified mining company with an enhanced portfolio.

As of January 2025, the operations team consisted of 1,055 employees, with 97.6% being Brazilian. In September 2023, it was reported that 2,220 employees and contractors were employed by the project.

G Mining Ventures acquired the Tocantinzinho project from Eldorado Gold in 2021. Construction commenced following a formal decision in September 2022. The mine achieved commercial production on time and on budget. The mine is powered by a 193-km, 138 kV transmission line connected to the national grid.

In 2024, the mine produced 63,566 ounces of gold. For the fourth quarter of 2024, production was 40,147 ounces. The average annual gold production is expected to be 174,700 ounces over the mine life, with an average of 196,200 ounces for the first five full years. The production guidance for 2025 is between 175,000 and 200,000 ounces.

The processing plant includes crushing, gravity, flotation, and leaching circuits. It has a nameplate throughput capacity of 4.7 million tonnes per annum or 12,890 tonnes per day. The plant is designed for a recovery rate of around 90%.

The mining fleet includes CAT 6030 hydraulic mining excavators, a Sandvik DI650i blasthole drill, and CAT 777E haul trucks.

approximately 2,000 workers

As of February 2026, the San Gabriel project is 99% complete. The company is awaiting the final operating permit and water license to begin commercial operations in 2026. The project's total capital expenditure is estimated to be between US$720 million and US$750 million.

The first gold and silver were produced on 23 December 2025. Commercial production is expected in 2026. The mine is expected to produce between 100,000 and 120,000 ounces of gold annually. Production guidance for 2026 is estimated at between 48,000 and 55,000 ounces of gold.

The processing plant will have a capacity of 2,000 tonnes per day in 2026, increasing to 3,000 tonnes per day.

The processing plant will have a capacity of 2,000 tonnes per day in 2026, increasing to 3,000 tonnes per day. The project's total capital expenditure is estimated to be between US$720 million and US$750 million.

During the construction phase, over 1,000 people were employed, with the majority being Ghanaians. In September 2023, the construction workforce of 1,024 was comprised of 54% locals, 44% from other parts of Ghana, and 2% expatriates.

The mine is expected to produce an average of 287,000 ounces of gold per year over its 15-year mine life. Production in the first three years is forecast to be approximately 360,000 ounces annually. A 2019 feasibility study projected 421,000 ounces in the first year of operation. The project is expected to produce 5.1 million ounces of gold from 150 million tonnes of ore over its lifespan.

The processing plant has a designed throughput of 9.5 million tonnes per annum. The process involves single-stage crushing, grinding in SAG and ball mills, a gravity recovery circuit, flotation, concentrate regrind, and a carbon-in-leach (CIL) circuit to produce gold doré.

Mining is conducted using conventional open-pit methods, including drill and blast, 400-tonne class excavators, and 150-tonne-class rigid body dump trucks. The processing plant includes a Metso Premier™ semi-autogenous (SAG) mill with 18 MW of installed power, noted as the largest gear-driven mill in Africa, and a ball mill.

The Cascabel project is in the development stage, with a Pre-Feasibility Study completed in February 2024. Early works are scheduled for 2026, targeting first production from an open-pit operation in early 2028, followed by underground production later that year. An exploitation contract was signed in June 2024, granting development rights for 33 years. Initial development focuses on the TAM open-pit deposit to fund the larger Alpala underground block cave mine.

Over this period, the mine is expected to produce an average of 123,000 tonnes of copper, 277,000 ounces of gold, and 794,000 ounces of silver annually. The processing plant will initially have a capacity of 12 million tonnes per annum, with plans to expand to 24 million tonnes per annum in the sixth year of production.

The processing will involve a copper concentrator and a gold recovery circuit.

plans to expand to 24 million tonnes per annum in the sixth year of production

398 employees (2025 annual report)

The Seabee operation is located in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, approximately 125 kilometres northeast of the town of La Ronge. It is owned and operated by SSR Mining Inc. Osisko Gold Royalties Ltd. holds a 3% net smelter return royalty on the life of mine revenues. The operation consists of the Santoy underground mine and the Seabee mill facility.

In 2023, the Seabee operation produced 90,777 ounces of gold. For the first quarter of 2024, production was 23,773 ounces of gold. The full-year 2024 production guidance is between 75,000 and 85,000 ounces of gold. A subsequent report in February 2025 stated that Seabee produced 78,545 ounces of gold in 2024.

Ore from the Santoy mine is processed at the Seabee mill. The process involves a conventional crushing and grinding circuit, followed by gravity concentration and cyanide leaching with a carbon-in-pulp (CIP) circuit for gold recovery. The final product is gold doré bars which are shipped to a third-party refinery. The mill processes approximately 1,200 to 1,300 tonnes per day.

The primary mobile equipment fleet includes load-haul-dump machines (LHDs) and 40-tonne haulage trucks.

There is ongoing exploration focused on reserve growth at the Santoy mine and advancing other nearby targets.

The mine is expected to produce 1.2 million ounces of gold over its 8-year mine life, through to 2032. Average annual gold production is forecast to be above 175,000 ounces through 2028.

Ore is processed at the on-site Sigma Mill. The mill's current processing throughput is approximately 2,500 tonnes per day. Studies are underway to potentially increase throughput towards the fully permitted capacity of 5,000 tonnes per day. The processing circuit includes a crushing circuit with a cone and jaw crusher, and a grinding circuit with a primary rod mill and two ball mills.

The Lamaque Complex is expanding its fleet of battery-electric vehicles. Orders are in place for five Sandvik TH550B trucks and five Toro LH518iB loaders, to be delivered from mid-2026 into 2027.

The Lamaque Complex includes the Triangle mine, the Ormaque deposit, the Parallel deposit, and the Plug #4 deposit. Commercial production at the Triangle mine was declared on 31 March 2019. In March 2026, Eldorado Gold received the operating authorization for the Ormaque deposit, which will provide an additional source of high-grade ore to the Sigma Mill. The historic Lamaque and Sigma mines are also located on the property. An amended NI 43-101 Technical Report with an effective date of 31 December 2024 was filed on 20 February 2025.

187 people (as of 14 August 2024) remodeled from 464 employees on 31 December 2023. The mine life is 12 years, not including gold production prior to 31 December 2022.

A heap leach pad failure occurred on 24 June 2024, leading to the suspension of operations. On 14 August 2024, PricewaterhouseCoopers Inc. was appointed as receiver and manager of Victoria Gold Corp. and its assets, including the Eagle Gold Mine. Remediation work is underway, and the receiver is exploring the sale of the mine.

In 2023, the Eagle Gold Mine produced a record 166,730 ounces of gold, an 11% increase from the previous year.

The mine utilises a heap leach process to extract gold. Ore is processed through a three-stage crushing plant before being placed on the heap leach pads. The processing facilities also include a 1.3 km overland conveyor and an absorption, desorption, and refining (ADR) plant.

In 2025, the Canadian Malartic Complex had over 1,600 full-time workers on site, consisting of more than 700 Canadian Malartic Mine employees and 950 contractor employees.

The Canadian Malartic Complex is a large gold mining operation in northwestern Quebec. It includes the active Barnat open pit and the new Odyssey underground mine, which began production in March 2023 and is expected to operate until 2042. The complex is transitioning to primarily underground operations by 2029 and processes ore at a 60,000 tonnes per day facility.

In 2025, the Canadian Malartic Complex produced 642,612 ounces of gold. For 2023, Agnico Eagle's payable production from the complex was 603,955 ounces of gold and 310,494 ounces of silver from 17.3 million tonnes of ore processed.

Ore from both the open-pit and underground operations is processed at the Canadian Malartic mineral processing facility, which has a nominal throughput capacity of 60,000 tonnes per day. The processing method involves crushing and grinding, followed by conventional cyanidation and a carbon-in-pulp circuit to produce doré bars containing gold and silver.

The open-pit operation utilises a conventional fleet of excavators and trucks. The new Odyssey underground mine is set to use automated and electric equipment and vehicles.

The Canadian Malartic Complex is now wholly owned and operated by Agnico Eagle Mines Limited following its acquisition of Yamana Gold's 50% interest on 31 March 2023. The complex consists of the Canadian Malartic mine, which includes the now-depleted Canadian Malartic pit and the active Barnat pit, and the new Odyssey underground mine. Open-pit mining in the original Canadian Malartic pit concluded in 2023, and the pit is now used for tailings disposal. Operations are continuing in the adjacent Barnat pit. A significant development is the establishment of the Odyssey underground mine, which began production from the Odyssey South zone in March 2023. This new underground operation is expected to become one of Canada's largest underground gold mines and will extend the operational life of the complex to 2042. The transition to primarily underground operations is planned to be completed by 2029. Agnico Eagle is also advancing its "Fill the Mill" strategy to utilise the excess capacity of the 60,000-tonne-per-day processing plant. As part of this strategy, the company acquired the adjacent Marban Alliance property in March 2025, which could potentially serve as a satellite open-pit operation to feed the mill in the future.