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approximately 300 personnel, directly and indirectly, over its life

Core Lithium announced a Final Investment Decision (FID) to restart operations at the Finniss Lithium Operation, which had been placed on care and maintenance in mid-2024 due to market conditions. The restart is supported by a funding package of over $300 million. The new strategy focuses on a transition from open-pit mining at the Grants deposit to a long-life underground operation at the BP33 deposit.

Production overview - 2023: lithium 18274 t.

The operation has an existing Dense Media Separation (DMS) processing plant with a nominal capacity of 1.0 Mtpa, which will be expanded to 1.2 Mtpa. The processing flowsheet includes crushing and flotation circuits and will undergo upgrades, including a Reflux Classifier circuit to improve recovery.

Caterpillar 777G Dump Trucks, Liebherr R9200, Liebherr R9150 Excavators

The new operational plan, centred on the BP33 underground mine, extends the mine life to approximately 20 years. The BP33 deposit remains open at depth, offering potential for future resource expansion. The existing crushing circuit has a capacity of over 2 million tonnes per annum, which can support potential future increases in throughput.

312 (FY2023)

The Kwinana Lithium Hydroxide Refinery, a joint venture between Tianqi Lithium and IGO Limited, processes spodumene concentrate into battery-grade lithium hydroxide. Train 1 has faced significant operational challenges and ramp-up issues, achieving only 35% of its 24,000 tpa nameplate capacity by late 2025. IGO has fully impaired its investment due to these challenges and market conditions, with ongoing discussions about the plant's future.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 2126 t; 2024: lithium 3095 t.

The facility is a fully automated plant designed to convert spodumene concentrate into battery-grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The process involves calcining, acid roasting, leaching, purification, and crystallisation. The refinery is designed to produce by-products including aluminosilicate, gyplime, and sodium sulphate, with the aim of transitioning to a no-waste operation.

Construction of Train 1 commenced in December 2016. All work and activities on the second production train (Train 2) were ceased by agreement of the TLEA shareholders in January 2025.

In the September quarter of 2025, lithium hydroxide production reached 46% of nameplate capacity. For the 2024-2025 financial year, the refinery produced 6,782 tonnes of lithium hydroxide. The joint venture has a production target of 9,000–11,000 tonnes of lithium hydroxide for 2025-26.

The refinery is designed to process spodumene concentrate from the Greenbushes mine into battery-grade lithium hydroxide. It is a fully automated facility. The plant has a nameplate capacity of 24,000 tonnes per annum from Train 1. By-products include Tianqi Aluminosilicate (TAS), Gyplime and Sodium Sulphate.

The refinery has faced operational problems and has been operating at a loss. IGO has written down the value of its 49 per cent stake in the refinery to zero and, as of March 2026, wants the operation mothballed. In January 2025, the TLEA shareholders, IGO and Tianqi Lithium Corporation, agreed to cease all works and activities on Lithium Hydroxide Plant 2 (LHP2) at Kwinana. IGO has low confidence in the ability of the asset to achieve meaningful, sustained improvement. Tianqi, however, views the refinery as a critical asset in its long-term strategy. A major shutdown was performed in October 2024 for maintenance and to implement rectification and debottlenecking projects.

1700

Production overview - 2025: lithium 1480000 t; 2024: lithium 5800000 t.

The operation consists of a large open-pit mine and four processing plants. Three of these plants produce chemical-grade lithium concentrates (CGP1, CGP2, and the Tailings Retreatment Plant), and one produces technical-grade lithium concentrates (TG). The processing method involves upgrading the lithium mineral, spodumene, through gravity, heavy media, flotation, and magnetic processes. A third chemical-grade processing plant (CGP3) was commissioned in December 2025, increasing the site's processing capacity by 500,000 tonnes per annum.

An expansion project is underway to increase the production of lithium mineral concentrate and spodumene ore. This involves the construction of new waste rock landforms, expansion of the Salt Water Gully Dam, and other infrastructure developments. The expansion would increase the development envelope by 28 per cent to 2,826 hectares. The commissioning of Chemical Grade Plant 3 (CGP3) in December 2025 represents a 31% increase in site processing capacity. There are also development options for an additional Chemical Grade Plant 4 (CGP4).

approximately 1,700 people

The Greenbushes Lithium Mine is an operating open-pit mine in Western Australia, producing lithium and tantalum. It processes spodumene ore into lithium mineral concentrates. The mine is undergoing significant expansion, including new processing plants, and has a stated mine life of 22 years as of May 2025.

For the recording year 2025, production from 6.16 million tonnes of ore resulted in 1.35 million tonnes of spodumene concentrates. The commissioning of CGP3 commenced in December 2025, designed to add approximately 500,000 tonnes per annum of spodumene concentrate capacity, increasing the total site capacity to around 2.1 million tonnes per annum.

Gravity, heavy media, flotation, and magnetic processes to upgrade spodumene ore into lithium mineral concentrates. Includes three chemical-grade plants (CGP1, CGP2, CGP3) and a technical-grade plant.

Caterpillar 777F/G haul trucks (90 tonnes capacity), Caterpillar 785C trucks (200 tonnes capacity). Macmahon Holdings awarded a seven-year contract for load and haul mining works, including crusher feed.

Undergoing significant expansion including additional waste rock landforms, expanded water storage capacity, a new highway crossing, and development of additional processing plants (CGP3 commissioned December 2025). An updated Mineral Resource Estimate and Ore Reserve Estimate were reported as of 31 December 2025, showing an increase in the total Mineral Resource Estimate to 457 million tonnes of ore grading 1.6% Li₂O. The expansion also includes the definition of the first underground Mineral Resource Estimate of 132 million tonnes grading 1.5% Li₂O. A Strategic Options Review is underway to optimise the life of the mine, identifying opportunities for an improved open-pit design and better understanding of potential underground mining.

Produces battery-grade lithium hydroxide.

As of July 2022, 25% of the workforce was female, and 33% of employees resided within 15km of the refinery.

The Kwinana Lithium Hydroxide Refinery is a downstream processing facility that processes spodumene concentrate from the Greenbushes lithium mine. It is located in the Kwinana Industrial Area, approximately 35km south of Perth. The refinery is owned and operated by Tianqi Lithium Energy Australia (TLEA), a joint venture between Tianqi Lithium Corporation (51%) and IGO Limited (49%). The refinery's Train 1 has a nameplate capacity of 24,000 tonnes per annum of battery-grade lithium hydroxide. However, the facility has been grappling with persistent operational issues and has operated well below this capacity. In the quarter ending September 2025, the plant reached 46% of nameplate capacity, but this dropped to 35% in the quarter ending December 2025 due to maintenance outages. IGO has expressed low confidence in the refinery's ability to achieve sustained, profitable production and views it as a high-cost asset with no clear path to appropriate returns. As of June 2025, IGO had fully impaired its 49% investment in the asset. The future of the refinery is the subject of ongoing discussions between IGO and its partner Tianqi Lithium. In March 2026, the state's environmental regulator renewed the site's operating licence with tougher controls following numerous complaints from residents regarding dust and odours in 2025.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 4895 t; 2024: lithium 6782 t.

The facility is a downstream processing plant designed to convert spodumene concentrate into battery-grade lithium hydroxide. It consists of one operational production train (Train 1) with a nameplate capacity of 24,000 tonnes per annum.

The construction and commissioning of a second production train (Train 2) have been suspended. TLEA ceased all work on the expansion in January 2025.

Approximately 1,700 people.

Production overview - 2025: mineral sands 1350000 t.

The operation consists of four processing plants: a technical grade plant, two chemical grade plants, and a tailings retreatment plant. The processing method involves gravity, heavy media, flotation, and magnetic processes to upgrade the lithium mineral into a range of concentrates. The combined planned processing capacity is approximately 7 million tonnes per annum of dry ore.

The mine utilises a contracted diesel mining fleet, and the operator is investigating a transition to an electric mining fleet. Specific details of the current mining fleet are not publicly available. A load and haul services contract commenced on 1 July 2023 for a 7-year period.

Chemical Grade Plant 3 (CGP3) received its first ore in December 2025 and is expected to reach its nameplate capacity of 2.4 million tonnes per annum of ore in 2026. A further expansion is proposed to increase the mine's development envelope from 2,207 hectares to 2,826 hectares. This expansion is currently undergoing an environmental review process, with a public review period expected to begin in February 2026. The expansion plans include an additional waste rock landform, expanded water storage capacity, and a highway crossing.

The Kwinana Refinery is Australia's first fully automated lithium hydroxide processing plant, designed to process spodumene concentrate from the Greenbushes mine. The refinery is 100% owned by Tianqi Lithium Energy Australia (TLEA), a joint venture between Tianqi Lithium Corporation (51%) and IGO Limited (49%). The facility has faced persistent operational challenges and has operated well below its nameplate capacity. IGO has fully impaired its 49% stake in the refinery, stating it sees no viable pathway for the asset and is discussing the optimal future for Train 1 with its joint venture partner, Tianqi. Tianqi, however, has indicated it has no plans to suspend the refinery. The refinery's operating licence was renewed in early 2026 despite numerous community complaints regarding dust and odours. First battery-grade lithium hydroxide was produced in May 2022, and production commenced in the December quarter of 2022.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 6782 t.

The refinery processes spodumene concentrate into battery-grade lithium hydroxide. Train 1 has a nameplate capacity of 24,000 tonnes per annum of lithium hydroxide. The plant has struggled to ramp up, achieving 35% of nameplate capacity in the June 2025 quarter and 46% in the September 2025 quarter.

In January 2025, the TLEA shareholders, IGO and Tianqi Lithium Corporation, agreed to cease all work and activities on the second production train (Train 2).

The Kwinana refinery has experienced significant operational challenges since producing its first hydroxide in 2021. Commercial production from the first processing train (Train 1) was officially declared on 30 November 2022. The facility has consistently operated below its nameplate capacity of 24,000 tonnes per year.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 6782 t; 2024: lithium 2775 t.

first processing train (Train 1)

In January 2025, the joint venture partners agreed to cease all work and activities on the proposed second processing train (Lithium Hydroxide Plant 2).

more than 1,500 people

Production overview - 2024: lithium 1383000 t; 2023: lithium 1491000 t.

The Greenbushes operation consists of a large open-pit mine and four processing plants. This includes a technical grade plant, two chemical grade plants (CGP1 and CGP2), and a tailings retreatment plant. A third chemical grade plant (CGP3) processed its first ore in December 2025. The processing method involves crushing and upgrading the spodumene ore through gravity, heavy media, flotation, and magnetic processes to produce lithium concentrates.

The major mining fleet includes Hitachi excavators (EX3600, EX2600, EX1200) and Caterpillar 785 (140-tonne) rear dump trucks. The processing facilities also utilise jaw crushers, impact crushers, and screeners.

Chemical Grade Plant 3 (CGP3) commenced commissioning on schedule, with the first ore feed through the plant on 18 December 2025. An underground mining operation is being considered to supplement the open pit production.

The Cosmos Project, located 30km north of Leinster, Western Australia, is 100% owned by IGO Limited. Acquired in 2022, its primary focus was the Odysseus underground mine for nickel and cobalt concentrate. Due to reduced mine life, delays, and increased costs, the project transitioned to care and maintenance by May 31, 2024. As of early 2026, IGO is preserving assets and assessing exploration programs for mineral resource increase, particularly AM5 and AM6 orebodies, and reviewing gold opportunities.

The refurbished Cosmos concentrator, with a capacity of 1.1 Mtpa, operated from November 2023 to May 2024, processing nearly 295,000 tonnes of Odysseus ore. The upgraded circuit includes new primary, secondary, and tertiary crushing and screening, a new primary mill, refurbished secondary and regrind mills, new and refurbished flotation cells, and new thickeners and filters.

This project was transitioned into care and maintenance in June 2024.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 2120 t; 2024: lithium 3508 t.

The facility is designed to process spodumene concentrate from the Greenbushes mine into battery-grade lithium hydroxide. Train 1 has a nameplate capacity of 24,000 tonnes per annum.

Planned expansion, Lithium Hydroxide Plant 2 (LHP2), ceased in January 2025. IGO has fully impaired its 49% stake in Train 1 as of July 2025. Joint venture partners are discussing the optimal future pathway for the plant.

more than 1,500 people

Production overview - 2023: mineral sands 1.43 Mt.

The Greenbushes operation has four processing plants: a technical grade plant (TGP1), two chemical grade plants (CGP1 and CGP2), and a tailings retreatment plant (TRP). A third chemical grade plant (CGP3) commenced commissioning in December 2025. The processing method involves crushing, screening, high-pressure grinding rollers (HPGR), and a deagglomerator, followed by gravity separation, heavy media, flotation, and magnetic processes to produce lithium concentrates.

Mining is a conventional open-pit, drill and blast method. The processing facilities include crushers, screens, High-Pressure Grinding Rollers (HPGR), and deagglomerators.

The mine is undergoing significant expansion. Chemical Grade Plant 3 (CGP3) has a nameplate capacity of 2.4Mtpa and is expected to ramp up production through 2H26. There are plans for a potential Chemical Grade Plant 4 (CGP4) with construction anticipated to start in 2027. The expansion also includes the development of new waste rock landforms and increased water storage capacity.

The Kwinana Lithium Hydroxide Refinery, 49% owned by IGO Limited through a joint venture, has faced significant operational challenges, operating below its nameplate capacity of 24,000 tonnes per year. The Western Australian Department of Water and Environmental Regulation renewed its operating licence until 2 March 2046 but classified it as a "high" health risk due to dust and odour complaints. In January 2026, a contract was awarded for structural, mechanical, and piping works to integrate new mechanical equipment.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 2775 t.

The facility is a fully automated processing plant that converts chemical-grade lithium spodumene concentrate from the Greenbushes mine into battery-grade lithium hydroxide.

In January 2025, IGO and Tianqi Lithium agreed to cease all work on the planned second production train (Lithium Hydroxide Plant 2). IGO has fully impaired its 49% stake in the refinery due to ongoing operational issues and challenging market conditions.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 1.35 Mt.

The Greenbushes operation has four processing plants: one for technical grade lithium concentrates and three for chemical grade lithium concentrates, which includes a tailings retreatment plant. Chemical Grade Plant 3 (CGP3) processed its first ore in December 2025. Processing methods include gravity, heavy media separation, flotation, and magnetic processes to produce a range of lithium concentrates.

A capacity expansion project is underway to expand the mine to the east and south of the current site, including an additional waste rock landform, expansion of an existing waste rock landform, and expanded water storage capacity. Chemical Grade Plant 3 (CGP3), with a capacity of approximately 500,000 tonnes per year of spodumene concentrate, was commissioned in late 2025, increasing the total site capacity to around 2.1 million tonnes per annum. There is also a proposal for a potential Chemical Grade Plant 4 (CGP4).