Directory

The Colina Project is an open pit lithium mine in Minas Gerais, Brazil, currently under development. A Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS) is anticipated for completion in Q3 2024, with a final investment decision in early 2025 and first production targeted for 2026. The project has been granted "Priority Status" by the Minas Gerais State Government. Preliminary environmental and installation licenses were awarded in Q1 2025. The Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) outlines a two-phased operation with a life-of-mine average annual production projected to be 405,000 tonnes of 5.5% Li2O spodumene concentrate (SC5.5) and 123,000 tonnes of 3% Li2O spodumene concentrate (SC3).

Production overview - 2024: lithium 886250 t; 2023: lithium 825500 t.

The proposed operation involves a standalone processing facility using Dense Media Separation (DMS) and gravity separation to produce high-quality spodumene concentrates. The design includes provisions for future expansion and the addition of processing stages like fines flotation.

Phase 2 is expected to start in 2028 and reach nameplate capacity in 2029. A potential Phase 3 extension is to be evaluated as part of the DFS. Pilbara Minerals plans to undertake further exploration to potentially expand the deposit and will work to optimise the mine plan and project flowsheet.

Located in the Goldfields region, this is a 50-50 joint venture with Ganfeng Lithium, with Mineral Resources operating the mine.

Up to 500 people; the company is expanding its lithium workforce to support the transition to underground operations.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 203000 t; 2024: lithium 166000 t.

The processing plant uses crushing and a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator. It has an annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate (SC6 equivalent). Optimisation of the existing regrind milling circuit and repurposing of magnetic separators in FY25 improved average grade and recovery. Detailed design for a flotation plant to improve product recovery is close to being finalised as of April 2026.

Production is from open pit methods using a conventional drill, blast, load and haul mining cycle.

The mine is transitioning to a combined open pit and underground operation. The first blast for the underground exploration decline portal was fired in June 2024. After being deferred at the end of the first half of FY25, tendering commenced in April 2026 for an underground mining contractor to recommence development. An underground mining study is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of FY26. MinRes is targeting first underground development ore in mid-2025 and first production ore by the end of 2025. A diamond drilling program in late 2023 significantly increased confidence in the underground resource. As of January 2024, the underground Mineral Resource was updated to 19.3Mt at a grade of 1.22% Li2O, a 111% increase.

In late 2024, Mineral Resources implemented cost reduction measures which included changes to workforce rosters at Mt Marion.

Production has been scaled back due to subdued lithium prices as of late 2024. An upgrade project was underway to increase production capacity to 900,000 tonnes of mixed-grade spodumene concentrate per annum, expected to be completed by December 2022.

Production overview - 2024: lithium 68000 t.

The mine uses conventional open-pit mining methods, followed by crushing and grinding. A flotation process is used to produce a final spodumene concentrate. In March 2019, an upgrade to the processing plant increased its nameplate capacity to 450,000 tonnes per annum and improved the spodumene concentrate produced from 4% to 6% lithium content. A further expansion was planned to increase production to 900,000 tonnes of mixed-grade spodumene per annum.

In April 2024, Mineral Resources commenced preliminary development for a potential underground mining operation. A contract was awarded to Develop Global for the establishment of an exploration decline, which commenced in June 2024. A diamond drilling program in the second quarter of FY24 doubled the underground Mineral Resource to 19.3 million tonnes. However, as of October 2024, plans for the underground expansion have been stopped for the foreseeable future due to market conditions.

800+

Production overview - 2024: lithium 218000 t; 2023: lithium 149000 t.

The site has a crushing and processing plant that uses a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator. The DMS plant has an annual production capacity of about 600,000 tonnes and produces spodumene concentrate at two different grades, typically 5% and 3.5% Li2O. Construction of a flotation plant is underway to improve product recovery. An upgrade to the processing plant was completed in June 2023.

A major exploration program in 2023 confirmed significant potential for underground resources. As of January 2024, the underground Mineral Resource had increased to 19.3Mt at 1.22% Li2O. A full underground study was targeted for completion by mid-2024. In response to market conditions, the development of underground resources was deferred at the end of the first half of FY25. However, as of April 2026, tendering for an underground mining contractor had commenced, with the underground mining study expected to be completed in Q4 FY26.

The FIFO camp accommodation can house up to 500 people. In 2024, a change in roster from two-weeks-on, two-weeks-off to two-weeks-on, one-week-off was implemented to reduce operational headcount.

Production overview - 2025: lithium 203000 t.

The site has a crushing plant that feeds a Dense Media Separation (DMS) circuit. The DMS plant has an annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate and produces different grades, typically 5% and 3.5% Li2O. Construction on a flotation plant is underway to optimise product recovery and yields. Detailed design for the flotation plant was nearing finalisation in the third quarter of FY26. Spodumene concentrate is transported to the Port of Esperance for export.

conventional drill, blast, load and haul mining cycle; crushing plant; Dense Media Separation (DMS) circuit; flotation plant

MinRes is developing an underground mining operation at Mt Marion to supplement the open pit operations. The underground Mineral Resource increased by 111% to 19.3Mt at 1.22% Li2O as of 31 January 2024. A development contract was awarded to Develop Global for the establishment of an exploration decline. The first blast for the decline box-cut occurred in early 2024. An underground mining study was expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of FY26. Tendering for an underground mining contractor has commenced. The company is targeting first development ore from the underground section in mid-2025 and first production ore by the end of 2025. In June 2025, it was announced that Mineral Resources and Ganfeng Lithium would each invest $150 million into the project. The funds are for capital expenditure, including mine development and processing plant upgrades, and to support daily operations. The underground development was placed into care and maintenance in December 2024 in response to market conditions. However, reports from early 2026 indicate that the underground project is proceeding.

FIFO camp accommodation that can house up to 500 people

The Mt Marion mine, located in the Goldfields region of Western Australia, is primarily an open-pit lithium operation that began mining in 2016. Significant underground ore reserves are planned for extraction, with an exploration decline started in 2024, though it was placed into care and maintenance due to market conditions. Tendering for an underground mining contractor has commenced.

Production overview - 2023: lithium 35.7 Mt; 2020: lithium 11100 t.

crushing and processing plant via a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator, flotation plant

conventional drill, blast, load, and haul cycle, crushing and processing plant, workshops, offices

In June 2023, Mineral Resources announced promising results from a major exploration program, confirming significant potential at depth and along strike, including the possibility of underground mining. The exploration found lithium-bearing pegmatite formations approximately 1km below the surface. An upgrade and expansion of the operation, costing $120 million, has doubled the capacity to up to 900,000 tonnes per year. As of February 2024, the underground Mineral Resource at Mt Marion had increased to 19.3Mt.

fly-in fly-out camp accommodation can house up to 500 people, 190 positions removed in late 2024, roster changed to two-weeks-on, one-week-off schedule

Production overview - 2018: lithium 418711 t.

crushing and processing plant that uses a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator, DMS plant with annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate, produces two grades (typically 5% and 3.5% Li2O), flotation plant under construction

crushing and processing plant, Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator, flotation plant

expansion of the processing plant completed during fiscal year 2023, major exploration program in fiscal year 2023 indicated strong potential for underground resources, diamond drilling program in the December 2023 quarter confirmed the North Pit underground ore body, preliminary development works for a future underground mine began in early 2024, contract awarded to Develop Global for an exploration decline, development of underground resources deferred in December 2024, underground mining study expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2026, MinRes and Ganfeng to invest a further $150 million each into the project in June 2025

The site's fly-in fly-out camp has accommodation for up to 900 people, and the 2022 restart was expected to create 200 new full-time jobs.

The Wodgina Lithium Mine is a large-scale, open-pit operation located approximately 120 kilometres south of Port Hedland in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is considered one of the world's largest known hard rock lithium deposits. The mine is part of an unincorporated 50/50 joint venture between Mineral Resources and Albemarle Corporation, with Mineral Resources managing all site operations. The ownership structure was amended in 2023 from a previous 60/40 split. The project was placed on care and maintenance in November 2019 due to market conditions but restarted the production of spodumene concentrate in 2022. The site also previously hosted the Wodgina Iron Ore Mine, an open-pit direct shipping ore project operated by Atlas Iron Limited, which commenced in 2010 and ceased in April 2017 when its reserves were exhausted. Global Advanced Metals retains rights to tantalum resources at the site.

The site has a total annual production capacity of approximately 820,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate at a grade of 5.5% Li2O.

Mined ore is processed at an on-site plant operated by CSI Mining Services, a subsidiary of Mineral Resources. The facility has three processing trains, each with a capacity of 250,000 tonnes per annum, for a total annual production capacity of approximately 820,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate at a grade of 5.5% Li2O. The process involves a ball mill, deslime cyclones, magnetic separation, and flotation.

The mining fleet includes Hitachi EX3600 excavators, CAT 994 front-end loaders, Caterpillar CAT789D haul trucks, Liebherr excavators, and Komatsu haul trucks.

Future opportunities are being assessed to mine ore at depth via underground mining methods.

up to 500 people

The Mt Marion mine is located 40 kilometres south-west of Kalgoorlie in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. It is transitioning to an open pit and underground operation, with an underground exploration decline development underway. The processing plant includes a crushing circuit and a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator, with a flotation plant under construction.

The DMS plant has an annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate and produces two grades, typically 5% and 3.5% Li2O.

The processing plant includes a crushing circuit and a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator. The DMS plant has an annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate and produces two grades, typically 5% and 3.5% Li2O. Construction of a flotation plant is underway to optimise product recovery and yields. Detailed design for the flotation plant is close to being finalised. Spodumene concentrate is transported to the Port of Esperance for export.

The mine is transitioning to an open pit and underground operation. An underground exploration decline development began in 2024 but was placed on care and maintenance in December 2024 due to market conditions. Tendering for an underground mining contractor to recommence development commenced in Q3 FY26, with the underground mining study expected to be completed in Q4 FY26. A contract was previously awarded to Develop Global in December 2023 for the establishment of an exploration decline, with work to start in early 2024 for a term of 18 months. The first blast for the decline box-cut was achieved, with earthworks underway to support a target depth of 350 metres. An additional 80,000 metres of drilling is planned to further define the underground potential.

Up to 500 people (FIFO camp), reduced by 190 positions in late 2024

Production overview - 2024: lithium 68000 t.

Ore is processed through a crushing plant and a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator. The DMS plant has an annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate, producing two grades (typically 5% and 3.5% Li2O). A plant upgrade in March 2019 increased nameplate capacity to 450,000 tonnes per annum of spodumene concentrate with 6% lithium content. Construction on a flotation plant is underway.

crushing plant, Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator, flotation plant

Preliminary development works for an underground mining operation commenced in early 2024, but deferred due to market conditions. Underground Mineral Resource increased to 19.3 million tonnes at 1.22% Li2O as of 31 January 2024. In June 2025, MinRes and Ganfeng Lithium committed $150 million each for capital expenditure, including mine development and processing plant upgrades.

Following the transition to care and maintenance in November 2024, approximately 300 employees were impacted, with all affected staff prioritised for redeployment. A team of about 10 employees remains on-site to manage care and maintenance activities.

The Bald Hill Mine is an open-pit operation located approximately 50 kilometres south-east of Kambalda in the Goldfields region of Western Australia. It is 100% owned and operated by Mineral Resources Limited, which acquired the project on 1 November 2023. The primary commodities produced are lithium, in the form of spodumene concentrate, and tantalum as tantalite concentrate. Following a strategic review due to low spodumene concentrate prices, Mineral Resources transitioned the mine into care and maintenance in November 2024.

Lithium concentrate production first began in March 2018. In the last nine months of 2018, the mine produced approximately 43 tonnes of tantalite. For the 2025 financial year, the revised shipped volume guidance was approximately 60,000 dry metric tonnes of SC6 equivalent, following the transition to care and maintenance.

The processing facilities at Bald Hill include a spodumene concentrate plant featuring a four-stage crushing circuit and a Dense Media Separation (DMS) circuit. The plant is designed to process 1.2 million tonnes of ore per year, with a nominal throughput of 161 tonnes per hour, and has an annual production capacity of approximately 150,000 to 167,000 tonnes of 5.5% to 6% spodumene concentrate.

The equipment at the mine includes standard open-pit machinery such as excavators, haul trucks, and drill rigs. After the acquisition, Mineral Resources replaced hired equipment with its own fleet, including eight trucks and two excavators, and commissioned a new crushing plant.

Acquired in November 2023. Transitioned to care and maintenance in November 2024 due to low spodumene concentrate prices. Evaluating options for a potential restart as of April 2026.

The project is expected to create over 500 jobs during construction and 600 at peak production, with a planned 500-600 person camp to support the workforce.

The Tabba Tabba Project, located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, was historically a tantalum operation that commenced mining in 2015. It was previously a 50/50 joint venture between Nagrom Pty Ltd and Pilbara Minerals Limited, with Global Advanced Metals Wodgina Pty Ltd owning the tenements. In May 2023, Wildcat Resources Ltd acquired 100% of the project and is now advancing it as a significant lithium-tantalum development. The project is currently under development, with a Definitive Feasibility Study underway and a Pre-Feasibility Study completed in July 2025, confirming the technical and financial viability of a long-life mine.

A maiden Probable Ore Reserve of 46.3 million tonnes at 1.0% Li2O was declared in 2025. Stage 1 production is forecast to average approximately 295,000 tonnes per annum of 5.5% Li2O spodumene concentrate, increasing to around 565,000 tonnes per annum in Stage 2.

The processing plan involves a whole-of-ore flotation process to produce spodumene concentrate.

Planned equipment includes a processing plant, mine camp, and a modular processing facility.

A two-stage development is planned: Stage 1 will be a 2.2 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) open-pit mining and processing operation, expanding in Stage 2 to 4.5 Mtpa with the integration of underground ore.

The operation employs a fly-in, fly-out (FIFO) workforce. As of 30 June 2023, Pilbara Minerals had 768 employees. The P680 expansion project created over 350 construction jobs and is expected to sustain an additional 300 operational jobs. In early 2024, First Nations employment was 2.1%, with 26 full-time employees.

The Pilgangoora Operation, 100% owned by Pilbara Minerals through its subsidiary Pilgangoora Operations Pty Ltd, is located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, approximately 120 to 140 kilometres from Port Hedland. It is an active, open-pit mine.

Spodumene concentrate production was 620,147 dry metric tonnes for the 2023 financial year. In the September quarter of 2025, the operation produced 224,800 tonnes of spodumene concentrate.

Processing involves a conventional flowsheet with crushing, ore sorting, dense media separation, gravity separation, grinding, and flotation. The operation has two processing plants: the Pilgan Plant, which produces spodumene and tantalite concentrates, and the Ngungaju Plant, which produces spodumene concentrate. A significant recent addition is the world's largest lithium ore sorter, commissioned as part of the P680 expansion. In December 2024, the Ngungaju Plant was placed into care and maintenance for cost optimisation, though a restart is planned, transitioning to a single-plant P850 operating model.

The operation uses conventional truck and shovel/loader methods, including drill and blast. Its fleet includes 100t to 250t class hydraulic excavators, 100t to 150t class rear dump haul trucks, and 14 Epiroc SmartROC D65 surface drill rigs. The Cat MineStar Fleet management system is also utilised.

The Pilgangoora Operation is undergoing a multi-phased expansion. The P680 Project and P1000 Expansion Project were completed in the 2025 financial year, increasing total nameplate capacity to approximately 1 million tonnes per annum. A pre-feasibility study for a P2000 Project, which could expand production to over 2 million tonnes per annum through a third processing plant, has been completed, with a full feasibility study expected in the December quarter of 2025.

more than 65 team members from Brazil joined Pilbara Minerals.

The Colina Lithium Project is part of Latin Resources' larger Salinas Lithium Project. A Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) was completed in September 2023, and a Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS) is scheduled for release in the third quarter of 2024. The PEA demonstrated robust economics for a two-phased, low-capital operation. Preliminary environmental and installation licenses were awarded in the March Quarter of 2025, which are critical for future construction activities.

The PEA projects a life-of-mine average annual production for the combined Phase 1 and 2 of approximately 405,000 tonnes of SC5.5 and 123,000 tonnes of SC3. A later projection for the completed second phase estimates an increased life-of-mine production of 525,000 tonnes per annum of SC5.5 and 159,000 tonnes of SC3. First production from Phase 1 is targeted for 2026, with Phase 2 production expected to start in 2028.

The project plans a standalone processing facility using Dense Media Separation (DMS) and gravity separation. The design is for a two-phase development, starting with a throughput of 1.5 million tonnes per annum and expanding to 3.6 million tonnes per annum. The facility will produce a high-quality 5.5% Li2O spodumene concentrate (SC5.5) and a 3% Li2O spodumene tailings concentrate (SC3). The design incorporates sustainable practices such as using hydro power, dry-stack tailings, and recycled water.

A Phase 3 extension and expansion will be evaluated as part of the Definitive Feasibility Study. Latin Resources is actively exploring the surrounding tenement package, with a focus on extensions to the Colina deposit and new discoveries, such as the Planalto Prospect, located less than two kilometres from the proposed Colina processing infrastructure. The company aims to define additional resources to support production growth.

The FIFO camp accommodation can house up to 500 people.

Production overview - 2024: lithium 19.3 Mt; 2016: lithium 77.8 Mt, iron ore 77.8 Mt.

The processing plant uses a Dense Media Separation (DMS) circuit after crushing. The DMS plant has an annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate and produces three product streams. To improve product recovery, construction on a flotation plant is underway.

An underground exploration decline development commenced in 2024, but was placed into care and maintenance in December 2024 due to market conditions. A full underground study was targeted for completion by mid-2024.

Over 800 team members

The operation is a 50-50 joint venture between Mineral Resources (MinRes) and Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium. MinRes operates the mine under a life-of-mine, build-own-operate mining services contract. In November 2025, MinRes announced it would sell a 30% stake in a new joint venture, which includes its 50% ownership of Mt Marion, to POSCO Holdings, giving POSCO an indirect 15% interest in the mine. The underground development was placed into care and maintenance in December 2024 in response to market conditions. Pending approvals, MinRes is targeting first development ore in mid-2025 and first production ore by the end of 2025.

Production overview - 2024: lithium 235460 t; 2023: mineral sands 149000 t.

The mine has a crushing and processing plant that uses a Dense Media Separation (DMS) concentrator. The plant has an annual production capacity of approximately 600,000 tonnes of spodumene concentrate at two different grades, typically 5% and 3.5% Li2O.

Construction on a flotation plant is underway to further optimise product recovery. In 2023, a major exploration campaign confirmed a significant underground resource. In early 2024, underground development contractor Develop Global commenced work on an exploration decline. The first underground development firing occurred in June 2024. In June 2025, MinRes and Ganfeng would each invest $150 million into the project to support daily operations, mine development, and processing plant upgrades amid weak market conditions.