Directory

Orogenic gold deposit with updated NI 43-101 Mineral Resource; no mine plan defined.

Mining fleet/equipment not specified in this technical report (it describes exploration activities and drilling types—reverse circulation (RC) and diamond drilling—but does not provide a mining equipment/fleet list or make/model counts).

Large, multi-deposit copper-gold-silver project with PFS/PEA mine plans in NW BC.

Planned production

Crushing, grinding, flotation

Open pit (major equipment, maximum): Primary drill 311 mm electric drill x9; High wall drill 150 mm diesel hydraulic drill x5; Primary shovel 40 m³ diesel hydraulic shovel x3; Primary shovel 56 m³ electric cable shovel x3; Construction FEL 12 m³ x2; Haul truck 360 t x55; Construction haul truck 90 t x3

~1,300

Integrated UG operations with reserve-backed LOM and capital programs.

Ongoing

Crushing, grinding, flotation

Underground trucks 65t (Lalor 4; 1901 2); underground trucks 42t (Lalor 12; 1901 1; WIM 5; 3 Zone 3); LHD 14t (Lalor 10; 1901 3; WIM 5; 3 Zone 3); LHD 18t (Lalor 5); LHD – service (Lalor 3; 1901 1); two boom jumbo (Lalor 6; 1901 2; WIM 2; 3 Zone 2); roof bolters (Lalor 10; 1901 3; WIM 2; 3 Zone 2); longhole drills (Lalor 5; WIM 2; 3 Zone 2); blockholer (Lalor 2); powder truck (Lalor 5; 1901 1; WIM 1; 3 Zone 1); scissor lift (Lalor 12; 1901 3; WIM 3; 3 Zone 3); boom truck (Lalor 3; 1901 1; WIM 1; 3 Zone 1); grader (Lalor 2; 1901 1; WIM 1; 3 Zone 1); backhoe (Lalor 5); cable reeler (Lalor 1); forklift (Lalor 15); general service truck (Lalor 17; 1901 2); skid steers (Lalor 2); front end loader (Lalor 3; 1901 1); personnel carriers (Lalor 33; 1901 3; WIM 2; 3 Zone 2).

The Lamaque Complex is an operating underground gold mine in Val-d'Or, Quebec, Canada, 100% owned by Eldorado Gold. It includes the Triangle mine, Ormaque mine, Parallel and Plug #4 deposits, and the Sigma Mill.

In 2025, produced 187,208 ounces of gold from 997,227 tonnes of ore milled at a grade of 6.19 grams per tonne. Average annual gold production expected to be above 175,000 ounces through 2028.

Ore from underground operations is processed at the Sigma Mill, which has a current capacity of approximately 2,500 tonnes per day, with studies to increase throughput towards 5,000 tonnes per day.

Development of the Ormaque deposit adds a second underground mine to the complex, leveraging existing infrastructure, with operating authorisation in March 2026.

In 2023, a group of 12 employees and their families relocated from the Pinos Altos and La India mines in Mexico to join the Macassa team, addressing a shortage of specialised workers in Northern Ontario.

The Macassa mine is an operational underground gold mine in Kirkland Lake, northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is 100% owned and operated by Agnico Eagle Mines Limited. The primary commodity is gold, with silver as a by-product. In 2023, the mine celebrated its 90th anniversary and poured its six millionth ounce of gold. The nearby Near Surface and Amalgamated Kirkland (AK) gold deposits are being integrated into the Macassa mine's production profile, which will provide additional operational flexibility.

Production overview - 2025: gold 312729 oz; 2024: gold 287000 oz.

The mine uses conventional crushing, grinding, gravity, cyanidation, and carbon-in-pulp processes with Zadra recovery. A mill expansion project is underway to increase production from 1,600 to 2,500 tonnes of ore per day. The project includes a new crushing plant, ore storage, a new grinding circuit, additional leach tanks, and upgraded elution and gold room circuits. The concentrate is melted in an induction furnace to produce doré bars that typically contain 70-85% gold and 5-10% silver.

The Macassa mine is continuing its transition to battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) to replace its diesel-powered underground fleet as required. The No. 4 Shaft production hoist was commissioned in 2023, which is expected to increase production, improve working conditions, and lower unit costs.

The nearby Near Surface and Amalgamated Kirkland (AK) gold deposits are being integrated into the Macassa mine's production profile, which will provide additional operational flexibility. A mill expansion project is underway to increase production from 1,600 to 2,500 tonnes of ore per day. The project includes a new crushing plant, ore storage, a new grinding circuit, additional leach tanks, and upgraded elution and gold room circuits.

~1,400

Large gold mining complex operated by OceanaGold.

Ongoing gold production

Crushing, grinding, flotation, CIL

Open pit fleet (2024/2025/2026/2027): Excavators – Komatsu PC2000 2/2/2/2; Drill – Montabert CPA 3/2/2/0; Dozer – CAT D10T 2/2/2/2; Grader – CAT 16M 1/1/1/1; Truck – CAT 773E 2/2/1/0; Truck – CAT 785C 6/6/4/3; Truck – CAT 785D 0/0/4/4; Water Cart – Bell B40E 1/1/1/1; Water Cart – CAT 777G 0/0/0/2; Wheel Loader – CAT 992K 1/1/1/1. Underground fleet (2024/2025/2026/2027): Drills – Sandvik DD420/DD421 4/4/1/1; Drills – Tamrock Solo7 2/1/0/0; Long Hole Drill – Sandvik DL432 2/2/1/1; Truck – Sandvik TH550 0/0/4/0; Truck – Sandvik TH551 4/4/0/0; LHD – Sandvik LH517 5/6/3/3; LHD – Caterpillar R2900 5/4/0/0; LHD – Caterpillar R1700 2/2/0/0; Grader – Caterpillar 12H 1/1/1/1; Telehandler – Skyjack VR1056D 2/2/1/1.

~500 (planned)

High-grade underground gold project with updated PFS.

Planned

Crushing, grinding, gravity, CIL

As of Mar 31, 2025 / Steady-state 2026+: 2 Boom Jumbo – Sandvik DD421-60C (Diesel/Electric) 3/3; 1 Boom Jumbo – Sandvik DD311-40 (Diesel) 1/4; 2 or 3 Boom Longtom – Sandvik DL421 (Pneumatic) 0/2; 3 Boom Longtom – Epiroc Boomer 282 (Pneumatic) 2/1; 3 Boom Longtom – Epiroc Boomer 342 (Pneumatic) 1/0; Mechanical Bolter – Sandvik DS411 (Diesel/Electric) 0/5; 14-t Dev LHD – Epiroc MT65 (Diesel) 1/1; 10-t Dev/Prod LHD – Sandvik LH517 (Diesel/Electric) 4/6; 7-t Dev/Prod LHD – Sandvik LH307 (Diesel/Electric) 2/5; 40-t Truck – Sandvik TH550 (Diesel/Electric) 2/2; 30-t Truck – Sandvik TH545 (Diesel) 3/3; 20-t Truck – Sandvik TH540 (Diesel) 1/1; Production Drill (Manual Top Hammer) – Epiroc Simba E7C (Diesel) 3/3; Production Drill (Mechanized Top Hammer) – Epiroc Simba S7C (Electric) 0/1; LHD with Forks (14t) – Epiroc MT65 (Diesel) 1/1; Scissor Lift – Power Climber Falcon 1200 5/5; ANFO Loader (Development) – Epiroc Charmec MC605 (Diesel) 2/2; Boom Truck – Oshkosh S-series 2/2; UG Grader – CAT 160M 1/1; Telehandler – Manitou MHT 790 1/1; Remote Spray Arm (Pneumatic) – Putzmeister H205 1/1; Dry Shotcrete Machine – Putzmeister SP20 2/2; Personnel Carrier – Ford Econoline 4/4; UG Tractor – John Deere 150D 2/2; Service Vehicle – MS9 Truck 2/2; Light Vehicles – Pickup trucks 10/10; Total 56/70.

Approximately 350 positions (as of Feb 2022 technical report)

Active open-pit gold and silver mine in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada, 83 km northeast of Wawa. Part of Alamos Gold Inc.'s Island Gold District.

Initially designed for 10,000 tpd throughput, permitted for 35,000 tpd. Q4 2025 open pit mined 14,973 tpd ore; mill processed 8,099 tpd.

Primary crushing, single-stage semi-autogenous grinding (SAG), gravity recovery circuit, cyanide leach, and carbon-in-pulp adsorption circuit.

truck and shovel/loader operations

Plans to expand the mill to 20,000 tonnes per day, including construction of a parallel circuit.

Large copper development project incorporating multiple porphyry deposits; PEA-level study.

Planned Cu production

Crushing, grinding, flotation

Major mine mobile fleet (Table 1-11, “mine equipment fleet by year”): hydraulic shovels (up to 4); front end loaders (up to 2); 250-ton haul trucks (up to 60); blasthole drills (up to 6); D10T track dozers (up to 7); 834K wheel dozers (up to 5); 16M motor graders (up to 5); 777G water trucks (up to 5); 988K FEL (1); 374 excavator (1); CS78 compactor (1)

~700 (planned)

Large PGM-copper project with Feasibility Study completed.

Planned

Crushing, grinding, flotation

Mining Haul Truck (240 t); Diesel Hydraulic Shovel (34 m³); Wheel Loader (17 m³); Production Drill (311 mm); Production Drill (160 mm); Blaster (44 mm); Track Dozer (651 kW); Grader (18’); Wheel Loader (11 m³); Wheel Loader (5 m³); Excavator (49 t); Excavator (55 t); Pick-up Truck; Pick-up Truck Crew Cab; Pick-up Truck Service Body; Service Truck (9 t); Service Truck (19 t); Tire Handler; Cube Van; Lube Truck (18,000 L); Lube Truck (6,000 L); Water Truck (40,000 L); Water Truck (14,000 L); Loader (3 m³); Grader (14’); Bus (60 passenger); Bus (20 passenger).

~600 (planned)

Advanced-stage open-pit gold project with PFS-level mine plan.

Planned

Crushing, grinding, gravity, CIL

Production Drill (6⅝") 4; Auxiliary Drill (Pre-Split) 1; Electric Hydraulic Shovel 3; Diesel Hydraulic Excavator 1; Wheel Loader 1; Mining Haul Truck (150 t) 16; Mining Haul Truck (100 t) 6; Track Dozer 8; Motor Grader 2; Water/Sand Truck 1; Wheel Dozer 1.

Orogenic gold project with updated NI 43-101 resource.

Metallurgical testwork

Conceptual OP fleet

As of September 2025, there were 800 people on site (167 Foran employees and 633 contractors). In October 2025, the workforce was approximately 803.

The project is advancing through construction and is entering the commissioning phase, with commercial production anticipated by mid-2026. The project is a copper-zinc-gold-silver rich volcanogenic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit.

The facility will produce copper and zinc concentrates, which will also contain gold and silver. A surface ore stockpile is being established ahead of the plant start-up, with approximately 236,000 tonnes stockpiled as of the end of January 2026. The first production stope blast occurred in January 2026.

The processing plant will use crushing, grinding (including semi-autogenous (SAG) and ball milling), and conventional flotation to produce the concentrates.

The mine is being designed to use a fleet of underground battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) to reduce emissions and improve the working environment. The second longhole drill was commissioned in early 2026.

~1,100

Large operating gold complex; report details capital and operating costs but does not restate initial project CAPEX.

Ongoing

Crushing, grinding, gravity, CIL

165-mm (6.5") blasthole drill x6–10; 244-mm (9.6") in-pit drill x2; 200-mm (7.9") in-pit drill x2; 12.5-m3 electric shovel x2; 11.5-m3 diesel shovel x2; 6-m3 backhoe x1; 11-m3 backhoe x2; 150-tonne haulage truck x9–14; 100-tonne haulage truck x4–10; 100-tonne low-profile articulated truck x0–2; 19-tonne loader x0–3; 12-tonne loader x0–2; 72-tonne dozer x2–3; 60-tonne dozer x2; 46-tonne dozer x2; 31-tonne grader x1–2; 7.6-m3 wheel loader x2; 5.7-m3 wheel loader x1–2; 130-mm (5.1") in-pit drill x2; 165-mm (6.5") in-pit drill x1; 77-tonne excavator x1; 4.9-m3 front-end loader x1; 4-m3 front-end loader x1; 31-tonne excavator x2–3; 16-tonne excavator x1; 12-tonne excavator x0–1; 6.7-m3 backhoe x0–1; 2.3-m3 backhoe x1

Gold exploration property near Wawa; initial NI 43-101 resource-stage report.

Drilling & sampling equipment. handheld GPS; active Rouiller Drilling rig; field portable XRF; magnet; 10% HCl; nail scratch test

~600

Multi-pit open-pit gold operation including Touquoy and Beaver Dam deposits.

Active gold production

Crushing, grinding, CIL

Grade control drilling: diesel hydraulic RC drills (144 mm / 5.5” holes); production drilling: diesel hydraulic down-the-hole (DTH) drills (144 mm / 5.5” holes); loading: hydraulic excavators (5.0 m³ bucket) and front-end wheel loaders (7.0 m³ bucket); hauling/support fleet (Touquoy / Beaver Dam / Fifteen Mile Stream / Cochrane Hill): rigid frame haul truck (64 t payload) 5/11/9/13; articulated haul truck (41 t payload) 2/2/2/2; motor grader (4.9 m blade) 1/1/1/1; water/gravel truck 2/2/2/2; track dozer (325 kW) 0/0/2/3; track dozer (233 kW) 3/5/2/2; motor grader (4.3 m blade) 1/1/1/1; water truck (40 m³) 2/2/2/2; wheel loader (4.5 m³) 1/1/1/1; hydraulic excavator (3.0 m³) utility excavator/rock breaker 1/2/2/1; fuel & lube truck 1/2/1/1; shuttle bus 2/2/2/2; pickup trucks (1/4 ton) 8/8/8/8; light plants (20 kW) 9/9/9/9; water pumps (150 m³/h) 2/2/2/2; on-highway dump truck 1/1/1/1; soil compactor (117 kW) 1/1/1/1; emergency response vehicle 1/1/1/1; side-by-side ATV 2/2/2/2; maintenance trucks 1/1/1/1; mobile crane (36 t) 1/1/1/1; float trailer (55 ton) 1/1/1/1; forklift (3 t) 1/1/1/1; mobile steam cleaner 1/1/1/1

Project centre coordinates provided in UTM (Zone 15): Moss Deposit 668,860E / 5,379,100N.

Drilling: report notes periods where Goldshore had seven drill rigs active on the project (for drilling).

Approximately 650 people (end of 2024); supports over 1,000 ongoing jobs (January 2026)

The Mount Milligan Mine is located in the Omenica Mining Division in North Central British Columbia, Canada, approximately 155 kilometres northwest of Prince George. It is an operating conventional truck-shovel open-pit copper and gold mine.

In 2023, the mine produced 61.9 million pounds of copper and 350,317 ounces of gold. For the full year 2025, the mine produced 147,581 ounces of gold and 50.5 million pounds of copper. In the fourth quarter of 2025, production was 44,105 ounces of gold and 13.0 million pounds of copper.

Ore is processed through a primary gyratory crusher and a secondary cone crusher, then conveyed to a SAG mill and a ball mill for grinding, creating a slurry. This slurry is piped to flotation cells to float a copper-gold concentrate. A gravity circuit removes coarse gold before the concentrate goes to a thickener and then a pressure filter. Permitted to operate at an average of 60,000 tonnes per day.

conventional truck-shovel

Received amended environmental assessment and related permits to extend operations to 2035. A Pre-Feasibility Study has outlined a potential mine life extension to 2045. Approvals granted for a 10% expansion in plant throughput, set to begin in 2028.

As of July 2024, the mine had 343 employees. A community update in the second quarter of 2022 stated the mine would employ approximately 355 people for full-scale operations.

The mill first commenced operations in 1997. After being placed on care and maintenance in 2019, operations at Mount Polley recommenced in July 2022. In August 2025, the British Columbia government approved a permit for an expansion involving the deepening of the Springer pit and the enlargement of rock-disposal areas. This expansion extends the mine's life to 2033. Mining of the Phase 4 pushback in the Springer Pit was scheduled for completion in February 2026, with the majority of mill feed for 2026 planned to come from the Phase 5 pushback and low-grade stockpiles.

In 2025, the mine produced 30.715 million pounds of copper and 37,555 ounces of gold. This compares to 35.700 million pounds of copper and 39,108 ounces of gold in 2024. The production target for 2026 is 19.0-21.0 million pounds of copper and 40,000-44,000 ounces of gold.

Ore from the open pits and underground is hauled to a crusher. The processing plant uses crushing, grinding and flotation to produce a concentrate. The concentrate is dewatered using thickeners and pressure filters before being stored for transport. Most of the concentrate is trucked to the Port of Vancouver for transport to smelters in Asia.

The mine recently purchased two new Komatsu D375A-8 crawler dozers. The fleet also includes other Komatsu equipment such as D375A-6 crawler dozers, PC3000 and PC4000 series mining excavators, D85PX-18 crawler dozers, and PC400 series excavators.

In August 2025, the British Columbia government approved a permit for an expansion involving the deepening of the Springer pit and the enlargement of rock-disposal areas. This expansion extends the mine's life to 2033. Mining of the Phase 4 pushback in the Springer Pit was scheduled for completion in February 2026, with the majority of mill feed for 2026 planned to come from the Phase 5 pushback and low-grade stockpiles.

Copper-gold project with initial mineral resource (multiple zones).

(resource stage)

Conceptual crushing, grinding, flotation

Conceptual open-pit fleet

a little over 600 employees

Orla Mining Ltd. completed its acquisition of the Musselwhite Mine from Newmont Corporation in the first quarter of 2025. The fly-in, fly-out underground operation has been in production since 1997. Orla is pursuing an aggressive exploration program to extend the mine's life beyond its current reserves and is also focused on optimizing the operation.

In 2025, from the acquisition date of March 1, Musselwhite produced 203,856 ounces of gold. Total production for the full year 2025, including the period under Newmont's ownership, was 236,908 ounces. The production guidance for 2026 is between 230,000 and 240,000 ounces of gold.

The processing method involves two-stage crushing, grinding, leaching with a cyanide-in-pulp circuit, and the production of doré bars. In the fourth quarter of 2025, the mill processed 361,407 tonnes of ore at a head grade of 6.77 g/t gold with a recovery rate of 95.7%.

Orla Mining is investing in a newer, lower-emission fleet and additional mining and support equipment to improve productivity and reduce ventilation constraints. The company is also expanding its use of tele-remote and autonomous technologies. A 2026 budget includes $30 million for additional mining and mining support equipment.

Orla is pursuing an aggressive exploration program to extend the mine's life beyond its current reserves and is also focused on optimizing the operation.

High-grade orogenic gold deposit with updated NI 43-101 mineral resource.

Conceptual underground equipment

161

Feasibility Study stage underground gold project, owned 100% by Canagold.

Ore production begins Year 1 and continues to Year 9 (relative schedule).

Crushing/grinding with flotation; BIOX excluded and concentrates intended for sale.

Underground Mobile Fleet (Max onsite): 5 trucks; 8 scoops/LHDs; 1 longhole drill; 2 jumbos; 2 bolters; 2 shotcrete sprayers; plus support units (fuel truck, scaler, graders, etc.).