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over 1,200 people

Guelb Moghrein is an open-pit copper-gold mine located in Mauritania, 250 kilometres northeast of the capital, Nouakchott, near the town of Akjoujt.

Processes approximately 3.4 million tonnes of sulphide ore annually. In 2015, produced 45,001 tonnes of copper and 64,007 ounces of gold. Recent figures indicate 13,000 tonnes of copper concentrate and 570,000 tonnes of high-grade magnetite concentrate annually. In 2019, gold production was 1,389 kg (44,673 troy ounces) and copper production was 29,600 tonnes.

flotation plant for copper-gold concentrate, magnetite plant, and a carbon-in-leach (CIL) circuit introduced in late 2023 to enhance gold recovery.

hydraulic excavators and mechanical drive haul trucks

The mine employs more than 13,000 people. The S3 Expansion project created 1,800 jobs during construction and is expected to add approximately 800 to 900 permanent jobs. The expansion is expected to secure over 15,000 jobs in total, comprising 7,100 direct employees and 7,800 contractors.

The Kansanshi mine consists of three open pits with a new pit, the South East Dome, being developed. It is owned and operated by Kansanshi Mining PLC. First Quantum Minerals owns 80% of Kansanshi Mining PLC, and the state-owned ZCCM Investment Holdings holds the remaining 20%.

For 2023, copper production was 134,827 tonnes. Production guidance for 2024 is 130,000 to 150,000 tonnes of copper and 65,000 to 75,000 ounces of gold. Once the S3 expansion is complete, copper production is expected to average about 250,000 tonnes per year, with potential to reach 280,000 tonnes per year.

The integrated metallurgical processing facility is undergoing a major expansion, known as the S3 Expansion. This includes a new standalone 25 million-tonne-a-year processing plant, which will increase the total yearly throughput to 53 million tonnes. The S3 processing train features a 28 MW semi-autogenous grinding mill and a 22 MW ball mill. First ore was fed through the S3 expansion in July 2025. The on-site smelter's throughput capacity is being increased from 1.38 million tonnes a year to 1.65 million tonnes a year of concentrate, enabling production of more than 400,000 tonnes per year of copper anode.

The mining fleet includes new electric loading and drilling equipment and an extension of the electric trolley assist infrastructure. A full battery dump truck from Hitachi was shipped to the mine in January 2024 for technological feasibility trials.

The S3 Expansion is a $1.25 billion investment to extend the mine life and increase production. This capital expenditure includes $900 million for the new processing plant and mine fleet, and $350 million for pre-stripping the South East Dome pit.

The Suma Heksa Sinergi project, also known as the Kerta project, is a gold and silver mining operation in Lebak, Banten, Indonesia. It is operated by PT Suma Heksa Sinergi, a subsidiary of PT Bumi Resources Minerals Tbk (BRMS), which holds an 80% stake. The project, covering 7,291 hectares, received its production permit in November 2019, valid until 2039. As of late 2024, it is in the construction stage, with ongoing technical studies and infill drilling.

Approximately 1,570 (338 direct, 1,232 contractor) as of January 2023.

The Poboya gold mine is located in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and is owned by PT Citra Palu Minerals (CPM), a subsidiary of PT Bumi Resources Minerals Tbk. Australian mining services company, Macmahon Holdings, has been contracted for both open-cut and underground mining operations. In September 2024, Macmahon was selected as the mining services contractor for open-cut activities, with the contract expected to be completed in September 2026. In March 2025, Macmahon was also appointed to provide underground mining services. The development of the underground mine began in early 2025 and is targeted to start operations in the second half of 2027.

Production overview - 2023: gold 236 kg; 2022: gold 174 kg.

The mine currently operates two gold ore processing plants using Carbon-In-Leach (CIL) technology. The first plant has a capacity of 500 tonnes of ore per day, and the second has a capacity of 4,000 tonnes of ore per day. A third plant using the heap leach method is expected to be operational in 2025. The first CIL plant is undergoing an expansion to 2,000 tonnes per day, which is expected to be completed by October 2026. The second plant's capacity is being optimised to 4,500 tpd.

Macmahon provides drilling, loading, and hauling equipment for both open-cut and underground operations. CPM is responsible for supplying all major capital equipment and infrastructure for the project. In February 2025, SouthSeas signed a contract to provide key electrical equipment for the Poboya Gold Mining project.

Macmahon Holdings secured an interim contract for underground mining services in March 2025, which will transition to a five-year alliance-style contract. This is in addition to their existing open-cut mining services contract which commenced in September 2024. The underground development is a significant expansion for the mine. CPM is also constructing a third processing plant using the heap leach method, which is expected to be operational in 2025. The first Carbon-in-Leach (CIL) plant is being expanded from a capacity of 500 tonnes per day to 2,000 tonnes per day, with completion scheduled for October 2026. The larger 4,000 tpd facility is also being optimised to 4,500 tpd.

approximately 5,000 direct and indirect jobs

The San Nicolas Project is a copper-zinc development project located in Zacatecas, Mexico, approximately 60 km southeast of the city of Zacatecas. It is the largest undeveloped volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposit in Mexico and one of the largest globally. The project is currently in the permitting and engineering stage.

The mine is expected to produce an average of 63,000 tonnes of copper and 147,000 tonnes of zinc in concentrate per year for the first five years of operation.

The project plans to use a conventional flotation plant to produce copper and zinc concentrates. The processing capacity is anticipated to be up to 20,000 tonnes per day.

A feasibility study is underway and is expected to be completed in the second half of 2025. An Environmental Impact Assessment and permit application were planned for submission in the first half of 2023. A final investment decision is anticipated in the third quarter of 2026, pending the receipt of key environmental permits. First production is expected in 2026.

The project is expected to create approximately 4,000 jobs during the construction phase and 1,400 jobs during operation.

The NuevaUnión project is a 50/50 joint venture between Teck Resources Limited and Newmont Corporation and is recognised as one of the largest undeveloped copper-gold-molybdenum projects in the Americas. It combines the former Relincho (copper-molybdenum) and El Morro/La Fortuna (copper-gold) deposits, which are located approximately 40 kilometres apart in the Huasco Province. The project remains in a development phase. Work in 2025 is focused on establishing a cost-effective path forward for the development of the resource in a manner acceptable to communities, stakeholders, and regulators. An environmental impact statement for the project was filed with Chilean authorities in February 2020.

A 2018 pre-feasibility study indicated average annual production for the first five years of 224,000 tonnes of copper, 269,000 ounces of gold, and 1,700 tonnes of molybdenum. The life-of-mine average annual production is estimated at approximately 190,000 tonnes of copper and 315,000 ounces of gold over the first ten years.

A single concentrator plant is planned at the Relincho site. A 2018 pre-feasibility study outlined an initial throughput capacity in the range of 90,000 to 110,000 tonnes per day.

The initial development plan is based on a preliminary economic assessment and includes a conveyor to transport ore from the El Morro (La Fortuna) site to a single-line mill and concentrator facility at the Relincho site.

The project is designed with a phased development approach, which will allow for future expansions to be funded from project cash flows, reducing the initial funding requirement.

During construction: approximately 3,000 direct and 1,000 indirect jobs. Once operational: approximately 834 direct and 423 indirect jobs.

The Zafranal Project is a copper-gold project located in the Arequipa region of southern Peru. It is a joint venture owned by Teck Resources Limited (80%) and Mitsubishi Materials Corporation (20%). Although the project received regulatory approval for its Environmental Impact Assessment from SENACE, Peru's National Service of Environmental Certification for Sustainable Investments, its development is currently on hold. In early 2026, Teck Resources decided to postpone a construction decision, transitioning the project to "asset preservation mode" to prioritise investment in other assets. Early work activities were scheduled to cease in the first quarter of 2026. Additionally, a precautionary judicial measure was issued in May 2025 prohibiting construction on a significant portion of the project's land due to an ongoing ownership dispute.

Over the 19-year mine life, the average annual production is estimated to be 76,000 tonnes of copper and 29,000 ounces of gold. During the first five years of operation, average copper production is forecast to be between 126,000 and 133,000 tonnes contained in concentrate annually.

The project plans a conventional concentration process involving crushing, grinding, flotation, thickening, and filtering. The processing plant is designed with a capacity of up to 80,000 tonnes of ore per day.

The mine will be a conventional open-pit operation using trucks and shovels. Plans include two pits, Zafranal and Victoria, and a conveyor belt to transport ore from the main pit to the concentrator plant.

The project is currently supported by approximately 30 full-time employees and a seasonal, contractor-based team. An estimated 4,000 to 4,500 direct jobs are expected to be created during the five-year construction period. During operation, the project would create an estimated 1,200 direct jobs.

The Galore Creek Project is one of the world's largest undeveloped copper-gold-silver deposits, located in the territory of the Tahltan Nation in northwestern British Columbia. It is a 50:50 partnership between Teck Resources Limited and Newmont Corporation. A comprehensive Pre-feasibility Study is underway, with completion targeted for 2025. The project's Environmental Assessment Certificate was modernised in 2024.

Production overview - 2023: copper 12159 Mlbs, gold 9438 koz, silver 174086 koz.

The project is planned as a conventional open-pit mining operation with process facilities to produce a copper-gold-silver concentrate using high flotation recoveries.

large haul trucks, shovels, and drills

A comprehensive Pre-feasibility Study is underway and is expected to be completed in 2025. In 2024, the project's existing Environmental Assessment Certificate was modernised. A Major Regulatory Approval process is expected to begin following the PFS to assess proposed changes, including increased production and relocation of the Tailings Management Facility.

The project is in the exploration and development phase, with production estimated to begin in 2024. Construction and Production Permits were approved in February 2019.

The conceptual development model is to build a 25 million tonnes per annum (feed tonnes) copper concentration plant.

The planned processing method includes a copper concentration plant. One report also mentions the potential for a heap leach method.

between 20 and 50 employees

Exploration-stage asset in the Raška district of southern Serbia, focused on zinc, silver, lead, and gold. Centred on two past-producing open-pit mines, Kizevak and Sastavci. Adriatic Metals holds 100% ownership and is conducting diamond drilling to define a JORC resource and complete a scoping study.

diamond core drill rigs

The Rupice mine, part of the Vares Silver Operation, is located near the town of Vares in the Zenica-Doboj canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina, approximately 50 kilometres north of Sarajevo. It is a fully-mechanised, trackless underground operation.

Processing plant nominal capacity of 800,000 tonnes per annum.

Three-stage crushing, grinding, flotation, and filtration to produce a silver-lead concentrate and a zinc concentrate.

Sandvik's AutoMine® Multi-Lite automation system, two operator stations, three Sandvik underground loaders (Toro® LH517i and Toro® LH514 units)

At the end of 2024, the Vareš operations had a workforce of 549 people. Approximately 27% of the mine's employees are women.

The Vareš Silver Project, also known as the Vareš Operation, is an active underground polymetallic mine located in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of Bosnia and Herzegovina, approximately 50 kilometres north of Sarajevo. It achieved commercial production on 1 July 2025 and comprises the Rupice underground mine and the historical Veovača open-pit deposit. The operation was originally developed by Adriatic Metals Plc and is now owned by DPM Metals Inc. following an acquisition in September 2025.

Initial production guidance for 2024 targeted between 240,000 and 300,000 tonnes of ore mined. For the period of 3 September to 31 December 2025, 78,900 tonnes of ore were processed, yielding 533,400 ounces of silver and 5,900 ounces of gold, along with copper, lead, and zinc. The production forecast for 2026 is for 30,000 to 35,000 ounces of gold and 3.5 to 4.1 million ounces of silver.

The extracted ore is treated at the modern Vareš Processing Plant, which has a nameplate capacity of 800,000 tonnes per annum. The process involves a three-stage crushing circuit with a primary jaw crusher and secondary and tertiary cone crushers, followed by grinding in a ball mill and cyclones. Valuable minerals are then separated through flotation to produce silver-lead-gold and silver-zinc concentrates.

The mine's equipment includes Sandvik Toro® LH517i and Toro® LH514 underground loaders, which are part of an AutoMine® Multi-Lite automation system with two operator stations.

An expansion to increase the processing plant capacity from 800,000 tonnes per annum to 1.3 million tonnes per annum is under assessment, with a target of reaching this rate by 2027.

approximately 315 people

The Las Chispas silver-gold mine is an operating underground mine in Sonora, Mexico, approximately 180 kilometres north-east of Hermosillo. It is owned and operated by Coeur Mining.

Processing plant nameplate capacity of 1,250 tonnes per day. In 2023, sold 58,200 ounces of gold and 5.62 million ounces of silver. In 2024, sold 59,804 ounces of gold and 5.75 million ounces of silver.

conventional plant using gravity concentration, cyanidation, and the Merrill-Crowe process; primary jaw crusher; semi-autogenous (SAG) mill; cyclone cluster; bulk rougher flotation circuit

1.2-tonne, 3-tonne, 3.5-tonne, and 10-tonne load-haul-dump (LHD) vehicles; fleet of 30-tonne diesel trucks; nine drill rigs

approximately 260 people

The Wharf gold mine, also known as Coeur Wharf, is an active open pit, heap leach operation located in the northern Black Hills of western South Dakota, United States, approximately four miles southwest of Lead, South Dakota.

98,042 ounces of gold in 2024

heap leach method with a carbon-in-column recovery system

truck and loader operation, tertiary crusher

More than 370 mining professionals, approximately 450 people including engineers, geologists, and operators.

The Rochester silver-gold mine, operated by Coeur Mining, is located in Pershing County, Nevada, United States, approximately 42 kilometres northeast of Lovelock. It is a large-scale open-pit, heap leach operation producing silver and gold, consisting of the main Rochester deposit and the adjacent Nevada Packard deposit.

Throughput rates over 88,000 tons per day; expanded crushing circuit annual throughput over 28 million tons. 2024 forecast: 4.8-6.6 million ounces of silver and 37,000-50,000 ounces of gold.

Three-stage crushing circuit, heap leaching, high-pressure grinding rolls (HPGR), 300-million-ton capacity Stage VI heap leach pad, sodium cyanide solution leaching, Merrill-Crowe process plant (13,750 gallons per minute capacity)

19 Caterpillar 789 181-tonne haul trucks, Komatsu PC4000 shovel, two Cat 994K loaders, three Atlas Copco DML drilling rigs, one Cat 650 drill rig

approximately 960 people

The Palmarejo gold-silver complex is an active underground mining operation located in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. It consists of a central processing facility and three underground mines: Guadalupe, Independencia, and La Nación.

Overall production rate of approximately 165,000 tonnes per month. Produced 6.7 million ounces of silver and 106,782 ounces of gold in 2022; 6.6 million ounces of silver and just over 100,000 ounces of gold in 2023. 2024 guidance: 5.9 to 6.7 million ounces of silver and 95,000 to 103,000 ounces of gold.

Plant with a throughput of 6,000 tonnes per day (upgradable to 7,000 tonnes per day), involving a flotation circuit and agitated cyanidation. Gold and silver are recovered using a Merrill-Crowe circuit and a carbon-in-leach system to produce doré bars.

Conventional underground equipment, two shotcrete mixing plants, a backfill cement mixing plant, water treatment plants, tailings storage facilities, emergency powerhouse with 12 diesel generators.

369-380

The Kensington gold mine is an operating underground mine in Alaska, United States, owned and operated by Coeur Mining through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Coeur Alaska, Inc. The mine is located approximately 45 miles north-northwest of Juneau.

84,789 ounces of gold in 2023; 2024 guidance: 92,000-106,000 ounces of gold

flotation facility to produce gold concentrate; 40% of tailings used as backfill

underground mine workings, a surface processing mill, a paste backfill plant, a marine dock facility, on-site diesel generators

The Tierras Coloradas concessions consist of four exploration licenses totalling 6,955 hectares, hosting a low-sulphidation epithermal vein system discovered in 2009 and traced over an area of approximately 3 by 3.5 kilometres.

Sastavci is a historic open-pit mine located in the Raska district of southwestern Serbia. It is part of the Raska Project, which is owned and operated by Adriatic Metals. The project is currently in an exploration and evaluation phase, aiming to delineate a JORC-compliant mineral resource estimate for potential development.

diamond drill rigs

The Kizevak project is a past-producing open-pit mine located in the Raska district of southwestern Serbia, part of Adriatic Metals' larger Raska Zinc-Silver Project.

Planned underground gold, silver, and copper mine in Ecuador, currently suspended due to legal challenges and community opposition during the permitting stage.

Projected annual payable production to average approximately 173,000 gold equivalent ounces. Over mine life, expected to produce 1.9 million payable gold equivalent ounces. Processing plant designed to handle approximately 1.2 million tonnes of ore per year.

Crushing, grinding, and flotation circuit to produce copper and pyrite concentrates. Water management plan includes minimising freshwater use, maximising recycled water, wastewater treatment, and fully lined tailings and contact water storage ponds.

underground mine, a 1.2 million tonnes per annum processing plant, a paste backfill plant, a filtered tailings storage facility, a water treatment plant, a diesel power plant, and upgrades to electrical infrastructure. New roads to connect the mine site, processing plant, and tailings storage facility.

Expected to create over 500 jobs; pre-feasibility study indicated a workforce of 328 employees in the second year of the life of mine plan.

A gold project, with exploration activities also confirming the presence of a large copper-gold system in the broader Rakita camp.

Average life of mine gold production is expected to be approximately 148,000 ounces per year. For the first five full years of production, the average output is projected to be 189,000 ounces per year. Probable Mineral Reserve is 7.4 million tonnes of diluted ore, grading 6.44 g/t of gold, containing approximately 1.52 million ounces of gold.

standard comminution, gravity, and flotation flowsheet with a capacity to process 850,000 tonnes of ore per year, producing saleable gravity and flotation gold concentrates. A portion of the gravity concentrate will be smelted on-site to produce doré.

twin declines, spiral ramp, maintenance bay, welding bay, warehouse, fuel-lube bay, explosives and detonator magazines, office, processing equipment and infrastructure from DPM's Ada Tepe operation