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Project in Atacama, Chile. Pan American Silver held 57.74% interest, acquired via Yamana Gold, then sold to Rio Tinto. Historically focused on precious metals, now explored for copper.

The La Arena II project is an undeveloped porphyry-hosted copper-gold asset in the La Libertad region of Peru. A Preliminary Economic Assessment (PEA) outlined a large open-pit mine with a 21-year mine life and a flotation processing plant. Pan American Silver Corp. held 100% interest until its sale on December 3, 2024, retaining a 1.5% net smelter return royalty on gold.

flotation

truck and shovel

The Minera Agua Rica Alumbrera (MARA) project is a large-scale copper, gold, silver, and molybdenum project in Catamarca, Argentina. It is a brownfield development, integrating the existing infrastructure of the previously operational Alumbrera mine with the undeveloped Agua Rica deposit.

Proven and probable mineral reserves of 1.105 billion tonnes of ore, containing 5.4 million tonnes of copper and 7.4 million ounces of gold. The Alumbrera plant has an annual throughput capacity of approximately 40 million tonnes.

Utilises existing Alumbrera processing plant with crushing, grinding, and flotation. Ore from Agua Rica pit transported via 35km conveyor to Alumbrera plant (40 million tonnes annual throughput capacity). Produces copper concentrate with gold, silver, molybdenum by-products, transported via pipeline to Tucumán and then rail to Rosario port.

Conventional open-pit mining machinery including large shovels and haul trucks. Existing Alumbrera infrastructure includes a primary gyratory crusher (8,500 tph capacity), 1.7km conveyor, and two grinding lines.

During the construction phase, the project is expected to create 5,500 direct and 19,000 indirect jobs.

The Vicuña Project is a development-stage mining asset operated by Vicuña Corp., a 50/50 joint venture between Lundin Mining Corporation and BHP. The project is located in the Vicuña District, spanning the border of Argentina and Chile, with deposits in the San Juan Province of Argentina and the Atacama Region of Chile. Development is planned in three stages, with a final investment decision targeted for the end of 2026.

Projected production figures for the first 25 years of operation average 400,000 tonnes of copper, 700,000 ounces of gold, and 22 million ounces of silver annually. Peak annual production over a ten-year period is forecast to be over 500,000 tonnes of copper, 800,000 ounces of gold, and 20 million ounces of silver.

Stage 1: sulphide concentrator with a capacity of 175,000 tonnes per day, conventional crushing, grinding, and flotation to produce copper concentrate. Stage 2: heap leach circuit and a solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) plant to produce copper cathodes and gold-silver dore. Stage 3: expansion of concentrator to 293,000 tonnes per day, roasting plant to treat concentrate with high arsenic levels.

shared fleet of ultra-class haul trucks with a 360-tonne payload, loaded by a combination of electric rope shovels and large hydraulic excavators. The initial fleet is expected to consist of 20-30 haul trucks, expanding to 90-100 trucks and 8-10 primary loading units at peak production. Wheel loaders will be used for stockpile management, and large-diameter rotary blast hole drills are planned for production drilling. Infrastructure to be developed includes access roads, power transmission lines, a water supply, and tailings management facilities. A desalination plant and associated pipelines are planned for Stage 3.

expected approximately 1,500 operational jobs

The Caserones mine is an open-pit copper-molybdenum operation located in the Atacama Region, Region III of Chile, approximately 162 kilometres southeast of Copiapó and 15 kilometres from the Argentinian border, at an altitude ranging from 4,200 to 4,600 metres above sea level.

2025 production: 132,881 tonnes of copper. 2026 production guidance: 130,000 to 140,000 tonnes of copper (100% basis).

Sulphide ore treated in conventional grinding and flotation plant (60” x 113” primary gyratory crusher, semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill) for copper and molybdenum concentrates. Oxide ore processed through dump leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW) plant for copper cathodes.

conventional truck and shovel operation, fleet includes 33 Komatsu 930 (300-tonne) haul trucks, two electric rope shovels, one electric-hydraulic shovel, two large front-end loaders, smaller diesel shovel, one Komatsu 930E haul truck retrofitted with Cummins First Mode hybrid-electric system

approximately 580 workers

The Candelaria Mining Complex is a large-scale mining operation located in the Atacama Region, Region III of Chile, approximately 20 kilometres south of the city of Copiapó. The complex is operated by Lundin Mining Corporation and is indirectly owned by Lundin Mining (80%) and Sumitomo Corporation (20%). It consists of two main adjacent copper mining operations: Minera Candelaria and Minera Ojos del Salado. The primary commodities produced are copper, gold, and silver in the form of copper concentrates.

In 2024, the Candelaria complex produced 162,487 tonnes of copper, approximately 93,000 ounces of gold, and 2.0 million ounces of silver (on a 100% basis).

conventional methods including crushing, grinding, and flotation to produce copper concentrates

seven electric shovels, 43 haulage trucks, and eight production drills

Prior to the suspension of operations in February 2024, the total number of employees at the mine site was 2,702. This included 669 Anagold employees and 2,033 subcontractor employees.

The mine is situated in the Erzincan Province of east-central Turkey, approximately 550 kilometres east of the capital, Ankara. The nearest urban centre is the town of İliç, located about 6 kilometres away. As of 13 February 2024, all operations at the mine are suspended following a significant slip on the heap leach pad. The mine is currently in a state of care and maintenance. The Turkish government has revoked the mine's environmental and operating permits.

In 2023, the Çöpler mine produced 220,999 ounces of gold.

Oxide ore is treated via a heap leaching process. Sulphide ore is processed through pressure oxidation (POX). Following the February 2024 incident, it has been stated that the heap leach pad will be permanently closed, and heap leach processing will no longer occur at the site. The sulphide plant has a design throughput of 9,000 tonnes per day, though operating guidelines may revert to a previous environmental impact assessment which prescribes a lower rate of 6,000 tonnes per day. The processing facility also includes a grinding and crushing area, with a run-of-mine (ROM) ore feed processed through an MMD 750 toothed roll sizer before being sent to a SAG mill. An on-site oxygen plant supplies gaseous oxygen for the pressure oxidation circuit.

A February 2024 technical report listed the contractor's mobile equipment at the Çöpler mine, which includes a fleet of haul trucks, loaders, and other machinery. The grinding and crushing area is serviced by a CAT 980 front-end loader.

Hod Maden is a gold-copper project located in the Artvin province in northeastern Türkiye. The project is currently in the development stage, with a project decision expected in 2026.

Life of mine production is projected to be 1.6 million ounces of gold and 209 million pounds of copper. The average mining rate is planned to be approximately 2,200 tonnes per day, or 800,000 tonnes per annum. The average life of mine ore grades are expected to be 7.6 g/t gold and 1.3% copper.

The processing plant will have a capacity of 800,000 dry metric tonnes per year. The processing method will involve a mill-float-regrind-cleaner float flowsheet to produce a single copper-gold concentrate. No cyanide will be used in the processing.

processing plant

The San Vicente mine, located in the Potosí department of Bolivia, is an underground mining operation. Pan American Silver Corp. holds a 95% ownership interest in the mine through its subsidiary, Pan American Silver Bolivia S.A. The remaining 5% is held by the state mining company, Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL), through a joint venture agreement.

average plant throughput is 950 tonnes per day; In 2018, the mine produced 3.5 million ounces of silver (based on Pan American Silver's 95% share), 7,400 tonnes of zinc, 800 tonnes of lead, and 1,000 tonnes of copper. As of 31 December 2025, the total silver produced on a consolidated basis was 2,928 thousand ounces. Proven and probable silver reserves as of 30 June 2025, were estimated at 11.4 million ounces.

standard flotation to produce silver-zinc and silver-lead concentrates, one-stage crushing circuit, semi-autogenous grinding/ball mill grinding circuit, selective flotation followed by filtration of the concentrates

one-stage crushing circuit, semi-autogenous grinding/ball mill grinding circuit, trucks

The Huaron mine is an active underground polymetallic mine wholly owned and operated by Pan American Silver Corp. in the Pasco region of central Peru, producing silver, zinc, lead, and copper.

Average plant throughput of 2,500 tonnes per day. Produced 3.52 million ounces of silver in 2024. Forecast for 2025 is 3.70-3.90 million ounces of silver.

Ore is processed on-site to produce silver-rich zinc, lead, and copper concentrates through a flotation process. Average plant throughput is 2,500 tonnes per day. A new filter plant and filter-stack tailings storage facility was completed in Q4 2024.

Underground mobile mining fleet includes: Two 6.0 cubic yard scooptrams, Nine 4.2 cubic yard scooptrams, Four 2.2 cubic yard scooptrams, Ten 1-boom drill jumbos, Four 1-boom long hole drills, Four 1-boom bolting jumbos, One 15-tonne mine haul truck, Seventeen 2.7-tonne scissor lifts, Fourteen 25-tonne Volvo trucks.

476 staff and almost 500 sub-contractors; 466 employees in 2025 (412 local hires).

The Çayeli mine, operated by Çayeli Bakır İşletmeleri A.Ş., is an underground copper-zinc mine located on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey, extracting minerals from a volcanic hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit since 1994.

Ore processing capacity of 1.3 million tonnes per year. In 2025, production of copper concentrate was 49,800 tonnes and zinc concentrate was 5,000 tonnes.

Three stages of crushing, primary and secondary ball mill grinding, conventional flotation to produce separate copper and zinc concentrates, dewatering and filtering.

Fleet management system (Micromine Pitram), Atlas Copco Boomer 282, Tamrock Solomatic Long Hole Drill, Volvo A35 Articulated Dump Truck, Tamrock EJC 430 Fuel Truck, 17' x 5' Aerofall Mill, 11' x 18-8" Ball Mill

approximately 700 people

Cobre Las Cruces is a mining and metallurgical operation located in the province of Seville, in southern Spain, approximately 20 kilometres northwest of the city of Seville. From 2009, the operation involved a high-grade open-pit copper mine, producing London Metal Exchange-Grade A copper cathodes. The open-pit mining was completed in 2020, and production continued through processing tailings until July 2023, when the operation transitioned to a care and maintenance phase. The company is now focused on the development of a future underground mining project to exploit a polymetallic primary sulphide deposit, which will involve a new polymetallurgical refinery to produce copper, zinc, lead, and silver.

Total production from 2009 to 2023 amounted to 700,000 tonnes of copper cathode. Copper production ceased in the second quarter of 2023.

hydrometallurgical process involving atmospheric leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning to produce high-purity copper cathodes. The plant includes a water treatment facility that was expanded in 2024 to increase its processing capacity by 50%.

hydrometallurgical plant, water treatment facility

Approximately 1,300 direct employees for preservation and safe management duties (following halt of operations in November 2023).

The mine is situated in the Donoso District, Colón Province, Panama, approximately 120 kilometres west of Panama City and 20 kilometres from the Caribbean Sea coast. As of November 2023, the mine was placed into a phase of Preservation and Safe Management and production was halted following a Supreme Court ruling that declared its mining concession contract unconstitutional.

At full capacity, the plant was designed to process up to 100 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) of ore. Annual production was expected to be over 300,000 tonnes of copper, along with gold, silver, and molybdenum. In 2022, the mine produced 139,751 ounces of gold and 2,813,129 ounces of silver. In the third quarter of 2023, Cobre Panamá produced 112,734 tonnes of copper. Total copper production for the full year 2023 was 330,863 tonnes.

The facility includes in-pit crushing and conveying (IPCC) systems. The processing plant features a multi-stream concentrator with three 28-megawatt SAG mills and four 16.5-megawatt ball mills. The process involves secondary and pebble crushing, grinding in SAG and ball mills, followed by froth flotation to separate copper and molybdenum minerals. Differential flotation is then used to separate the copper and molybdenum.

Mining Fleet: The operation utilises conventional truck and shovel methods. The primary fleet includes up to 13 rotary electric drills, up to five P&H 4100XPC-(AC) electric rope shovels, and up to 45 Liebherr L284 (or equivalent) 360-tonne capacity haul trucks. By the end of 2021, the fleet included four rope shovels, three ultraclass loaders, and thirty ultraclass trucks, with a fifth rope shovel and eight additional trucks added in 2022. Infrastructure: The site is supported by a 300-megawatt coal-fired power station and an international port at Punta Rincón.

Around 100 employees for the current development phase.

La Granja is an undeveloped copper project located in the Querocoto district of the Cajamarca region in northern Peru. It is considered one of the world's largest undeveloped copper resources. The project is currently in the development phase, with a feasibility study underway.

Potential annual production of 500,000 tonnes of copper (estimated by Peru's ministry of energy and mines).

Potential processing capacity of 70,000 tonnes per day. Concentrate would be dewatered and stored in an enclosed shed.

Proposed equipment includes a slurry pipeline, marine terminal, shiploader (1,600 tonnes per hour peak capacity), front-end loaders, and a conveyor system.

The Haquira project is an undeveloped copper deposit, a porphyry copper system with near-surface secondary copper mineralisation and a larger, underlying body of primary copper-molybdenum-gold-silver mineralisation.

annual copper production of around 200,000 tonnes.

conventional mill and concentrator for the primary sulphide ore, with the potential for solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW) for the near-surface secondary copper mineralisation.

estimates of 4,000 jobs during the construction phase and approximately 2,000 jobs during operations. Another source suggests up to 4,000 indirect jobs during construction and 2,800 direct jobs during the operational phase.

The Taca Taca project is a development-stage, conventional open-pit mine located in the Puna region of Salta Province, in northwest Argentina. It is a porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposit.

Projected production figures for the first ten years of operation are an average of 291,000 tonnes of copper and 133,000 ounces of gold annually. Over the full life of the mine, the average annual production is expected to be approximately 209,000 tonnes of copper and 96,000 ounces of gold.

conventional flotation circuit to produce separate copper-gold and molybdenum concentrates. The process plant is designed with an initial capacity of 40 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa), with a planned expansion to 60 Mtpa starting in the fifth year of operation. The processing train design is similar to those used at First Quantum's Sentinel and Cobre Panamá operations and includes two 28 MW SAG mills and two 22 MW ball mills for the initial phase.

blasthole drills, diesel hydraulic excavators, electric shovels, and off-highway haul trucks

over 1,200 people

Guelb Moghrein is an open-pit copper-gold mine located in Mauritania, 250 kilometres northeast of the capital, Nouakchott, near the town of Akjoujt.

Processes approximately 3.4 million tonnes of sulphide ore annually. In 2015, produced 45,001 tonnes of copper and 64,007 ounces of gold. Recent figures indicate 13,000 tonnes of copper concentrate and 570,000 tonnes of high-grade magnetite concentrate annually. In 2019, gold production was 1,389 kg (44,673 troy ounces) and copper production was 29,600 tonnes.

flotation plant for copper-gold concentrate, magnetite plant, and a carbon-in-leach (CIL) circuit introduced in late 2023 to enhance gold recovery.

hydraulic excavators and mechanical drive haul trucks